environmental pollution and diseases

*Peptic ulcer:*

Peptic ulcer is a sore that develops on the inside lining of the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum). It's also known as a gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer.

*Causes:*

1. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection
2. Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
3. Excess acid production
4. Stress
5. Smoking

*Symptoms:*

1. Abdominal pain
2. Bloating
3. Nausea and vomiting
4. Weight loss
5. Bleeding (in severe cases)

*Treatment:*

1. Antibiotics to kill H. pylori bacteria
2. Acid-reducing medications (e.g., proton pump inhibitors)
3. Antacids
4. Lifestyle changes (e.g., avoiding spicy foods, quitting smoking)

*Prevention:*

1. Avoid NSAIDs unless necessary
2. Eat a balanced diet
3. Manage stress
4. Quit smoking

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