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At the beginning of the 19th century, the region became the site of a confrontation between Great Britain, Spain, Portugal and colonial forces for dominance in the Argentina-Brazil-Uruguay region[18]. Two attempts to conquer the region by the British were repulsed in 1806 and 1807At the beginning of the 19th century, the region became the site of a confrontation between Great Britain, Spain, Portugal and colonial forces for dominance in the Argentina-Brazil-Uruguay region[18]. Two attempts to conquer the region by the British were repulsed in 1806 and 1807

In 1603, the governor of the Rio de la Plata, Hernando Arias de Saavedra, founded the castle of Asunción, now in Paraguay, strengthening the Spanish presence in the lands and seizing the land as pasture for horses.[17] Subsequently, the active import of livestock continued, and livestock farming became the basis of the economy of the colony[15]. However, the first to break the resistance of the Guarani were the Portuguese, who founded the city of Colonia del Sacramento in 1680, opposite Buenos Aires. The Spaniards founded Montevideo in 1726[17], and by 1750 they had conquered the region, and 26 years later incorporated it into the Governorate of Rio de la Plata

Around 1502, Spanish ships appeared on the territory of La Plata, but they did not look for the beginning of the river and go inside the mouth. Only 14 years later, in 1516, the Spanish navigator Juan Diaz de Solis led a European expedition to the lands of the Rio de la Plata, reaching the La Plata estuary and establishing the first settlement here 113 kilometers east of the modern capital of the country, Montevideo , however, the Guarani Indians offered active resistance to the Europeans. Throughout the century, the Indians carried out numerous attacks on the newcomers,[17] which led to the fact that the established dominion was only formal.[15] The Spaniards managed to create a fortified point in La Plata only in the 1580s, with the second founding of Buenos Aires

In the third millennium BC. e. Earthen mounds became widespread, serving as burial grounds for the dead and as a place for ceremonial events, which were round or ellipsoidal in shape up to 40 meters in length and 7 in height. At the beginning of the second millennium BC. e. such monuments began to be grouped around large settlements, which, according to archaeologist D. D. Belyaev, may indicate the formation of chiefdoms. In the 16th century BC. e. The cultivation of gardening plants began - pumpkins, corn, beans, canna rhizomes, and about six centuries later, people in Uruguay began to cultivate ceramics and make paintings on rocks[15]. At the beginning of our era, there were three different tribes in Uruguay - the Charrua, the Chana [English] and the Guarani. By the time of first contact with Europeans in the 16th century, there were about nine thousand Charrúas, about six thousand Chana and Guaraní

Paleoindians settled Uruguay in two stages. The first lasted for a millennium between the 11th and 10th millennia BC. e., and the second - in the ninth millennium BC. e.[14] The sites of ancient people were located mainly in the basin of the middle reaches of the Rio Negro River, in the valley of the Uruguay River and on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. In the Stone Age people used axes and Fell points. Around 5000/4500 BC. e. Dart tips in the form of triangles with a wide base became widespread. On the plains, people were mainly engaged in gathering, supplemented by hunting and fishing, while on the ocean coast, fishing and hunting were more important activities, and people collected mainly marine mollusks. The appearance of Kyokkenmedings dates back to the same period

Satellite image of the territory of Uruguay
Main article: Geography of Uruguay
General information
Uruguay is a state with access to the sea. It is located on the east coast of South America near the place where the Uruguay and Parana rivers flow into the Atlantic Ocean in the La Plata estuary. The geographical coordinates of the country are between 30°5 - 35° south latitude and 53°15 - 58°25 west longitude, thus being the smallest country on the continent [11] - its area is 176,215 km², of which water domains account for 1,200 km² , and on land - 175,015 km². In terms of total area, the country ranks 91st in the world

The official name of the country is “Oriental Republic of Uruguay”[8]. Initially, the territory of modern Uruguay was part of the Spanish governorate of Rio de la Plata, being a separate province called "Eastern Bank" until 1815 and "Eastern Province" after. The province declared independence in 1828 and two years later adopted the name "Oriental Republic of Uruguay". The last word in the name of the country is a hydronym, derived from the name of the river of the same name, which is of Indian (Tupi languages) origin. The "guai" part means "river" and "Uru" is the Guarani name for several species of birds. A number of authors interpret it as “wood grouse rooster”[9], there is also a translation “river of colorful birds”[10]. The word “Eastern” means that the country is located east of both Uruguay and La Plata

The capital is the city of Montevideo. Uruguay, along with Chile, Costa Rica and Panama (with the exception of some island states in the Caribbean region), is considered one of the most democratic, non-corrupt, safe and wealthy countries in Latin America. Uruguay has legalized cannabis (one of the first countries in the world), same-sex marriage, prostitution and abortion. The country is in 13th place (between Canada and Luxembourg) in the ranking of world democracy.

As of 2022, according to the CIA World Fact Book, Uruguay is the 132nd country in the world in terms of population (3,407,213 people)[6]. The composition of the population of Uruguay by religion as of 2021: Catholics - 44.8%, non-religious - 44.5%, adherents of other Christian denominations - 9.5%, adherents of other religions or denominations - 1.2%[7].
Member of the UN, MERCOSUR, WTO. Unitary state, presidential republic.

Uruguay (Spanish Uruguay), the official name adopted in Russian is the Eastern Republic of Uruguay (meaning the Republic of the East Coast of the Uruguay River; Spanish República Oriental del Uruguay [reˈpuβlika oɾjenˈtal del uɾuˈɣwai]) is a state in the southeastern part of South America, on coast of the Atlantic Ocean. It borders on Brazil in the north, Argentina in the west, and is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the east and south. The land borders are 1,564 km long and the coastline is 660 km.