GM on Firework

During periods of remission, Vincent asked to be released back to the workshop in order to continue working, but the residents of Arles wrote a statement to the mayor of the city asking him to isolate the artist from the rest of the residents. Van Gogh was asked to go to the hospital for the mentally ill Saint-Paul in Saint-Remy-de-Provence, near Arles, where Vincent arrived on May 3, 1889. There he lived for a year, tirelessly working on new paintings. During this time, he created more than one hundred and fifty paintings and about a hundred drawings and watercolors. The main types of paintings during this period of life are still lifes and landscapes, the main differences of which are incredible nervous tension and dynamism ("Starry Night", 1889, Museum of Modern Art, New York), contrasting contrasting colors and, in some cases, the use of halftones ( Landscape with Olives, 1889, J. G. Whitney Collection, New York; Wheat Field with Cypresses, 1889, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York).

Jeanne Kalman, who has lived in Arles all her life, according to her, at the age of 13, met Van Gogh in the shop of her father. The artist seemed to her "dirty, poorly dressed and unfriendly" [3]. In another interview, she said that she did not serve him, because “he was as terrible as a mortal sin, had a nasty disposition, and he smelled of booze” [4].

On October 25, 1888, Paul Gauguin came to Arles to discuss the idea of ​​creating a southern painting workshop. However, a peaceful discussion very quickly turned into conflicts and quarrels: Gauguin was dissatisfied with Van Gogh's disorderliness, while Van Gogh himself wondered how Gauguin did not want to understand the very idea of ​​a single collective direction of painting in the name of the future. In the end, Gauguin, who was looking for peace in Arles for his work and did not find it, decided to leave. On the evening of December 23, after another quarrel, Van Gogh attacked a friend with a razor in his hands. Gauguin accidentally managed to stop Vincent. The whole truth about this quarrel and the circumstances of the attack is still unknown (in particular, there is a version that Van Gogh attacked the sleeping Gauguin, and the latter was saved from death only by the fact that he woke up in time), but on the same night Van Gogh cut himself off earlobe. According to the generally accepted version, this was done in a fit of remorse; at the same time, some researchers believe that this was not remorse, but a manifestation of insanity caused by the frequent use of absinthe.

A fiery artistic temperament, a painful impulse for harmony, beauty and happiness and, at the same time, fear of forces hostile to man are embodied in landscapes shining with sunny colors of the south (The Yellow House (1888), Gauguin's Armchair (1888), The Harvest. Valley of La Cros "(1888, Vincent Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam), sometimes in ominous images reminiscent of a nightmare (" Cafe Terrace at Night "(1888, Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo); dynamics of color and brushstroke fills with soulful life and movement not only nature and the people inhabiting it ("Red Vineyards in Arles" (1888, State Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin, Moscow)), but also inanimate objects ("Van Gogh's Bedroom in Arles" (1888, Museum of Vincent Van Gogh, Amsterdam)). The artist's paintings become more dynamic and intense in their color ("The Sower", 1888, E. Bührle Foundation, Zurich), tragic in sound ("Night Cafe", 1888, Art Gallery of Yale University, New Haven ; "Van Gogh's bedroom in Arles ”(1888, Vincent Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam).

Although Van Gogh announced a departure from impressionistic methods of depiction, the influence of this style was still very strongly felt in his paintings, especially in the transmission of light air (Peach Tree in Bloom, 1888, Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo) or in the use of large coloristic spots ("Bridge of Anglois at Arles", 1888, Walraf-Richartz Museum, Cologne). At this time, like the Impressionists, Van Gogh created a series of works depicting the same species, however, achieving not an accurate transfer of changeable light effects and conditions, but the maximum intensity of the expression of the life of nature. His brush of this period also belongs to a number of portraits in which the artist tried out a new art form.

Despite the creative growth of Van Gogh, the public still did not perceive or buy his paintings, which was very painful for Vincent. By mid-February 1888, the artist decided to leave Paris and move to the south of France - to Arles, where he intended to create the “Workshop of the South” - a kind of brotherhood of like-minded artists working for future generations. The most important role in the future workshop, Van Gogh gave to Paul Gauguin. Theo supported the venture with money, and in the same year Vincent moved to Arles. There, the originality of his creative manner and artistic program were finally determined: "Instead of trying to accurately depict what is in front of my eyes, I use color more arbitrarily, so as to most fully express myself." The consequence of this program was an attempt to develop "a simple technique, which, apparently, will not be impressionistic." In addition, Vincent began to synthesize pattern and color in order to better convey the very essence of the local nature.

In July 1869, Vincent took a job in the Hague branch of the large art and trade firm Goupil & Cie, owned by his uncle Vincent ("Uncle Saint"). There he received the necessary training as a dealer. Initially, the future artist took to work with great zeal, achieved good results, and in June 1873 he was transferred to the London branch of Goupil & Cie. Through daily contact with works of art, Vincent began to understand and appreciate painting. In addition, he visited city museums and galleries, admiring the works of Jean-Francois Millet and Jules Breton. At the end of August, Vincent moved to 87 Hackford Road and rented a room at the house of Ursula Loyer and her daughter Eugenie. There is a version that he was in love with Eugene, although many early biographers mistakenly call her by the name of her mother, Ursula

When he was 7 years old, he went to the village school, but a year later he was taken away from there, and together with his sister Anna he studied at home, with the governess. On October 1, 1864, he left for a boarding school in Zevenbergen, which was 20 km from his home. Leaving home caused a lot of suffering for Vincent, he could not forget it, even as an adult. On September 15, 1866, he began his studies at another boarding school - Willem II College in Tilburg. Vincent was good at languages ​​- French, English, German. He also received drawing lessons there. In March 1868, in the middle of the school year, Vincent unexpectedly dropped out of school and returned to his father's house. This is where his formal education ends. He recalled his childhood this way: "My childhood was dark, cold and empty ...".

Four years after Vincent's birth, on May 1, 1857, his brother Theodorus Van Gogh (Theo) was born. In addition to him, Vincent had a brother Cor (Cornelis Vincent, May 17, 1867) and three sisters - Anna Cornelia (February 17, 1855), Liz (Elizabeth Hubert, May 16, 1859) and Will (Willemin Jacob, March 16, 1862). Households remember Vincent as a wayward, difficult and boring child with "strange manners", which was the reason for his frequent punishments. According to the governess, there was something unusual about him that distinguished him from others: of all the children, Vincent was less pleasant to her, and she did not believe that something worthwhile could come out of him. Outside the family, on the contrary, Vincent showed the other side of his character - he was quiet, serious, thoughtful and almost never played with other children. In the eyes of his fellow villagers, he was a good-natured, friendly, helpful, compassionate, sweet and modest child.

Born March 30, 1853 in the village of Groot Zundert (Dutch. Groot Zundert) in the province of North Brabant in the south of the Netherlands, near the Belgian border. Vincent's father was Theodore Van Gogh (born 02/08/1822), pastor of the Reformed Church, and his mother was Anna Cornelia Carbentus, the daughter of a venerable bookbinder and bookseller from The Hague. Vincent was the second oldest of the seven children of Theodore and Anna Cornelia. He received his name in honor of his paternal grandfather, who also devoted his entire life to the Protestant church. This name was intended for the first child of Theodore and Anna, who was born a year earlier than Vincent, but died before he lived a day. So Vincent, although he was born the second, became the eldest of the children.

Vincent Willem van Gogh (Dutch: Vincent Willem van Gogh, Dutch: [ˈvɪnsənt ˈʋɪləm vɑŋ ˈɣɔx] (Sound listen); March 30, 1853, Grotto-Sundert [en], Netherlands - July 29, 1890, Auvers-sur-Oise, France) Is a Dutch post-impressionist painter whose work has had a timeless influence on 20th century painting. In a little over ten years, he created more than 2,100 works, including about 860 oil paintings. Among them are portraits, self-portraits, landscapes, still lifes and panels depicting olive trees, cypresses, fields of wheat and sunflowers. During his lifetime, he was practically ignored by critics.