homeo_science

Urine formation....💦

Human Genome

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a condition where stomach acid persistently and regularly flows up into the esophagus.

The esophagus may also be referred to as the food pipe or gullet and is the tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach.

The acid in the esophagus causes heartburn and other symptoms, as well as possible tissue damage.

Causes

Occasional acid reflux is quite common, often occurring as a result of overeating, lying down after eating, or eating particular foods.

However, recurrent acid reflux, diagnosed as GERD, typically has other causes and risk factors and can have more serious complications.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease occurs in people of all ages, and sometimes for unknown reasons.

In short, GERD occurs when the sphincter at the bottom of the esophagus becomes weak, or opens when it should not.

GERD occurs more commonly in people who are:

overweight or obese because of increased pressure on the abdomen

pregnant, due to the same increased pressure

taking certain medications, including some asthma medications, calciumchannel blockers, antihistamines, sedatives, and antidepressants

smoking, and being exposed to second-hand smoke

Hiatal hernia is a condition where an opening in the diaphragm lets the top of the stomach move up into the chest. This lowers the pressure in the esophageal sphincter and raises the risk of GERD.

Symptoms

The main symptom of GERD is heartburn.

Heartburn is discomfort felt behind the breastbone as a burning sensation. It tends to get worse if the person lies down or bends over, and also after eating food.

However, not all people with GERD experience heartburn, and there are other possible symptoms:

nausea or vomiting

bad breath

respiratory problems

difficulty or pain when swallowing

decay.

💪🏋️🤸The hormonal system (called the endocrine system in medical terminology) has various glands that release different hormones. It's the way in which one part of the body (the gland) tells another part of the body (the target cell) to do something important. The endocrine glands influence reproduction, metabolism, growth and many other functions

Hypothalamus

major hormones — anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), oxytocin and various hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland

influences — nervous and hormonal systems

Pituitary gland

major hormones — luteinising hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), oxytocin, anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

influences — reproduction, growth, childbirth, breastfeeding, hormone regulation

Pineal gland

major hormones — melatonin

influences — sleep cycle

Thyroid gland

major hormones — tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), calcitonin

influence — metabolism, bone health

Parathyroid gland

major hormones — parathyroid hormone

influences — calcium and vitamin D regulation

Adrenal glands

major hormones — adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, aldosterone

influences — stress response and blood pressure/salt control

Pancreas

major hormones — insulin, glucagon, somatostatin

influences — blood sugar control

Ovaries (females only)

major hormones — oestrogen, progesterone

influences — female characteristics

Te**es (males only)

major hormones — testosterone

influences — male characteristics

Common types of fractures....☠️

🧠The brain is an amazing three-pound organ that controls all functions of the body, interprets information from the outside world, and embodies the essence of the mind and soul. Intelligence, creativity, emotion, and memory are a few of the many things governed by the brain. Protected within the skull, the brain is composed of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem.

The brain receives information through our five senses: sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing - often many at one time. It assembles the messages in a way that has meaning for us, and can store that information in our memory. The brain controls our thoughts, memory and speech, movement of the arms and legs, and the function of many organs within our body.

The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is composed of spinal nerves that branch from the spinal cord and cranial nerves that branch from the brain.

Anatomy of Shoulder....💪🏋️