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What is Hemangioma?
Symptoms of Hemangioma
Causes of Hemangioma
Risk factors of Hemangioma
Effects of Hemangioma
Treatments of Hemangioma

DEFINITION

A Hemangioma

(he-man-jee-O-muh) is a birthmark that most commonly appears as a rubbery, bright red nodule of extra blood vessels in the skin.

Sometimes called a strawberry mark, a Hemangioma grows during the first year of life, and then recedes over time. A child who had a Hemangioma during infancy usually has little visible trace of the growth by age 10.

A Hemangioma can occur anywhere on the body, but most commonly appears on the face, scalp, chest or back. Treatment of a Hemangioma usually isn’t needed, unless the nodule interferes with vision or breathing.

SYMPTOMS

A Hemangioma may be present at birth, but more often appears during the first several months of life. It starts out as a flat red mark anywhere on the body, most often on the face, scalp, chest or back. Usually a child has only one mark, but some children may have more than one, particularly if they’re part of a multiple birth.

During your child’s first year, the red mark grows rapidly and becomes a spongy mass that protrudes from the skin. The Hemangioma then enters a rest phase and, eventually, it begins to slowly disappear.

Half of all Hemangiomas resolve by age 5, and nearly all Hemangiomas are resolved by age 10. Although the color of the birthmark also fades, faint — but permanent — discoloration of the skin or residual extra skin may remain.

CAUSES

A Hemangioma consists of an abnormally dense group of extra blood vessels. It’s not clear what causes the blood vessels to group together, although there may be a hereditary component involved.

RISK FACTORS

Hemangiomas occur more often in:

• Females

• Premature babies

• White infants

EFFECTS

Occasionally, a Hemangioma can break down and develop a sore. This can lead to pain, bleeding, scarring or infection. Depending on where the Hemangioma is situated, it may interfere with your child’s vision, breathing, hearing or elimination, but this is rare.

TREATMENTS AND DRUGS

The majority of Hemangiomas never need any form of treatment. Some parents feel that Hemangioma treatment is necessary because the marks can be disfiguring and may cause social or psychological problems. Doctors, however, may be hesitant to treat a Hemangioma that isn’t causing physical problems because Hemangiomas usually fade gradually without treatment, and because treatments have potential side effects.

If the growth interferes with your child’s vision or causes other problems, treatment options may include:

• Corticosteroid medications.

Corticosteroids can be injected into the nodule, given by mouth or applied to the skin. Side effects can include poor growth, high blood sugar, high blood pressure and Cataracts.

• Laser surgery.

Lasers can stop the growth of a Hemangioma. Sometimes lasers can be used to remove a Hemangioma or treat sores on a Hemangioma that won’t heal. Side effects include pain, infection, bleeding, scarring and changes in skin color.

Research to find other treatments with fewer side effects is ongoing. Some newer, though still experimental, treatments include beta blockers, interferon alfa and topical immune suppressants.

If you’re considering treatment for your child’s Hemangioma, weigh the pros and cons with your child’s doctor. Remember, most infantile Hemangiomas disappear on their own during childhood.

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What is Obesity?
Symptoms of Obesity
Causes of Obesity
Risk factors of Obesity
Effects of Obesity
Treatments of Obesity

OBESITY

Obesity

is a complex disorder involving an excessive amount of body fat. Obesity isn’t just a cosmetic concern. It increases your risk of diseases and health problems, such as Heart disease, Diabetes and high blood pressure.

Being extremely obese means you are especially likely to have health problems related to your weight.

The good news is that even modest weight loss can improve or prevent the health problems associated with Obesity. Dietary changes, increased physical activity and behavior changes can help you lose weight. Prescription medications and weight-loss surgery are additional options for treating Obesity.

SYMPTOMS

Obesity is diagnosed when your body mass index (BMI) is 30 or higher. Your body mass index is calculated by dividing your weight in kilograms (kg) by your height in meters (m) squared.

BMIWeight statusBelow

18.5Underweight18.5-24.9Normal25.0-29.9Overweight30.0-34.9Obese (Class I)35.0-39.9Obese (Class II)40.0 and higherExtreme Obesity (Class III)

For most people, BMI provides a reasonable estimate of body fat. However, BMI doesn’t directly measure body fat, so some people, such as muscular athletes, may have a BMI in the obese category even though they don’t have excess body fat. Ask your doctor if your BMI is a problem.

CAUSES

Although there are genetic, behavioral and hormonal influences on body weight, Obesity occurs when you take in more calories than you burn through exercise and normal daily activities. Your body stores these excess calories as fat.

Obesity can sometimes be traced to a medical cause, such as Prader-Willi syndrome, Cushing’s syndrome, and other diseases and conditions. However, these disorders are rare and, in general,

the principal causes of Obesity are:

• Inactivity.

If you’re not very active, you don’t burn as many calories. With a sedentary lifestyle, you can easily take in more calories every day than you use through exercise and normal daily activities.

• Unhealthy diet and eating habits.

Weight gain is inevitable if you regularly eat more calories than you burn. And most Americans’ diets are too high in calories and are full of fast food and high-calorie beverages.

RISK FACTORS

Obesity usually results from a combination of causes and contributing factors, including:

• Genetics.

Your genes may affect the amount of body fat you store, and where that fat is distributed. Genetics may also play a role in how efficiently your body converts food into energy and how your body Burns calories during exercise.

• Family lifestyle.

Obesity tends to run in families. If one or both of your parents are obese, your risk of being obese is increased. That’s not just because of genetics. Family members tend to share similar eating and activity habits.

• Inactivity.

If you’re not very active, you don’t burn as many calories. With a sedentary lifestyle, you can easily take in more calories every day than you burn through exercise and routine daily activities. Having medical problems, such as Arthritis, can lead to decreased activity, which contributes to weight gain.

• Unhealthy diet.

A diet that’s high in calories, lacking in fruits and vegetables, full of fast food, and laden with high-calorie beverages and oversized portions contributes to weight gain.

• Medical problems.

In some people, Obesity can be traced to a medical cause, such as Prader-Willi syndrome, Cushing’s syndrome and other conditions. Medical problems, such as Arthritis, also can lead to decreased activity, which may result in weight gain.

• Certain medications.

Some medications can lead to weight gain if you don’t compensate through diet or activity. These medications include some antidepressants, anti-seizure medications, Diabetes medications, antipsychotic medications, steroids and beta blockers.

• Social and economic issues.

Research has linked social and economic factors to Obesity. Avoiding Obesity is difficult if you don’t have safe areas to exercise. Similarly, you may not have been taught healthy ways of cooking, or you may not have money to buy healthier foods. In addition, the people you spend time with may influence your weight — you’re more likely to become obese if you have obese friends or relatives.

• Age.

Obesity can occur at any age, even in young children. But as you age, hormonal changes and a less active lifestyle increase your risk of Obesity. In addition, the amount of muscle in your body tends to decrease with age. This lower muscle mass leads to a decrease in metabolism. These changes also reduce calorie needs, and can make it harder to keep off excess weight. If you don’t consciously control what you eat and become more physically active as you age, you’ll likely gain weight.

• Pregnancy.

During pregnancy, a woman’s weight necessarily increases. Some women find this weight difficult to lose after the baby is born. This weight gain may contribute to the development of Obesity in women.

• Quitting smoking.

Quitting smoking is often associated with weight gain. And for some, it can lead to enough weight gain that the person becomes obese. In the long run, however, quitting smoking is still a greater benefit to your health than continuing to smoke.

• Lack of sleep.

Not getting enough sleep or getting too much sleep can cause changes in hormones that increase your appetite. You may also crave foods high in calories and carbohydrates, which can contribute to weight gain.

Even if you have one or more of these risk factors, it doesn’t mean that you’re destined to become obese. You can counteract most risk factors through diet, physical activity and exercise, and behavior changes.

EFFECT

If you’re obese, you’re more likely to develop a number of potentially serious health problems, including:

• High triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol

• Type 2 diabetes

• High blood pressure

• Metabolic syndrome — a combination of high blood sugar, high blood pressure, high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol

• Heart disease

• Stroke

• Cancer, including Cancer of the uterus, cervix, endometrium, ovaries, breast, colon, re**um, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidney and prostate

• Breathing disorders, including Sleep apnea, a potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts

• Gallbladder disease

• Gynecological problems, such as Infertility and irregular periods

• Erectile dysfunction and s*xual health issues

• Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a condition in which fat builds up in the liver and can cause inflammation or scarring

• Osteoarthritis

Quality of life

When you’re obese, your overall quality of life may be diminished. You may not be able to do things you used to do, such as participating in enjoyable activities. You may avoid public places. Obese people may even encounter discrimination.

Other weight-related issues that may affect your quality of life include:

• Depression

• Disability

• Sexual problems

• Shame and guilt

• Social isolation

• Lower work achievement

TREATMENTS AND DRUGS

The goal of Obesity treatment is to reach and stay at a healthy weight. You may need to work with a team of health professionals — including a dietitian, behavior counselor or an Obesity specialist — to help you understand and make changes in your eating and activity habits.

The initial treatment goal is usually a modest weight loss — 3 to 5 percent of your total weight. That means that if you weigh 200 pounds (91 kg) and are obese by BMI standards, you would need to lose only about 6 to 10 pounds (2.7 to 4.5 kg) for your health to begin to improve. However, the more weight you lose, the greater the benefits.

All weight-loss programs require changes in your eating habits and increased physical activity. The treatment methods that are right for you depend on your level of Obesity, your overall health and your willingness to participate in your weight-loss plan.

Other treatment tools include:

• Dietary changes

• Exercise and activity

• Behavior change

• Prescription weight-loss medications

• Weight-loss surgery

Dietary changes

Reducing calories and practicing healthier eating habits are vital to overcoming Obesity. Although you may lose weight quickly at first, slow and steady weight loss over the long term is considered the safest way to lose weight and the best way to keep it off permanently.

Avoid drastic and unrealistic diet changes, such as crash diets, because they’re unlikely to help you keep excess weight off for the long term.

Plan to participate in a comprehensive weight-loss program for at least six months and in the maintenance phase of a program for at least a year to boost your odds of weight-loss success.

There is no best weight-loss diet. Choose one that includes healthy foods that you feel will work for you.

Dietary changes to treat Obesity include:

• Cutting calories.

The key to weight loss is reducing how many calories you take in. You and your health care providers can review your typical eating and drinking habits to see how many calories you normally consume and where you can cut back. You and your doctor can decide how many calories you need to take in each day to lose weight, but a typical amount is 1,200 to 1,500 calories for women and 1,500 to 1,800 for men.

• Feeling full on less.

The concept of energy density can help you satisfy your hunger with fewer calories. All foods have a certain number of calories within a given amount (volume). Some foods — such as desserts, candies, fats and processed foods — are high in energy density. This means that a small volume of that food has a large number of calories. In contrast, other foods, such as fruits and vegetables, have lower energy density. These foods provide a larger portion size with a fewer number of calories. By eating larger portions of foods that have fewer calories, you reduce hunger pangs, take in fewer calories and feel better about your meal, which contributes to how satisfied you feel overall.

• Making healthier choices.

To make your overall diet healthier, eat more plant-based foods, such as fruits, vegetables and whole-grain carbohydrates. Also emphasize lean sources of protein — such as beans, lentils and soy — and lean meats. If you like fish, try to include fish twice a week. Limit salt and added sugar. Stick with low-fat dairy products. Eat small amounts of fats, and make sure they come from heart-healthy sources, such as olive, canola and nut oils.

• Restricting certain foods.

Certain diets limit the amount of a particular food group, such as high-carbohydrate or full-fat foods. Ask your doctor which diet plans have been found effective and which might be helpful for you. Drinking sugar-sweetened beverages is a sure way to consume more calories than you intended, and limiting these drinks or eliminating them altogether is a good place to start cutting calories.

• Meal replacements.

These plans suggest that you replace one or two meals with their products — such as low-calorie shakes or meal bars — and eat healthy snacks and a healthy, balanced third meal that’s low in fat and calories. In the short term, this type of diet can help you lose weight. Keep in mind that these diets likely won’t teach you how to change your overall lifestyle, though, so you may have to keep this up if you want to keep your weight off.

Be wary of quick fixes. You may be tempted by fad diets that promise fast and easy weight loss. The reality, however, is that there are no magic foods or quick fixes. Fad diets may help in the short term, but the long-term results don’t appear to be any better than other diets.

Similarly, you may lose weight on a crash diet, but you’re likely to regain it when you stop the diet. To lose weight — and keep it off — you have to adopt healthy-eating habits that you can maintain over time.

You can check more on our website.

What is a Phobia Symptoms of Phobia Categories of Phobia Causes of Phobia Risk Factors of Phobia Coping and support of a Phobia patient Lifestyle and Home remedies of a phobia patient
Treatment, drug, Medications of Phobia

A phobia

is an overwhelming and unreasonable fear of an object or situation that poses little real danger but provokes anxiety and avoidance. Unlike the brief anxiety most people feel when they give a speech or take a test, a phobia is long lasting, causes intense physical and psychological reactions, and can affect your ability to function normally at work or in social settings.

Several types of phobias exist. Some people fear large, open spaces. Others are unable to tolerate certain social situations. And still others have a specific phobia, such as a fear of snakes, elevators or flying.

Check this website for more

Causes, symptoms and treatments of phobia - Nursetalk24.com . What is a Phobia . Symptoms of Phobia . Categories of Phobia . Causes of Phobia . Risk Factors of Phobia . Coping and [...]

What is STD (Sexual Transmitted Disease)?

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), or s*xually transmitted infections (STIs),

are generally acquired by s*xual contact. The organisms that cause Sexually transmitted diseases may pass from person to person in blood, semen, or vaginal and other bodily Fluids.

Some such infections can also be transmitted nons*xually, such as from mother to infant during pregnancy or childbirth, or through blood transfusions or shared needles.

It’s possible to contract Sexually transmitted diseases from people who seem perfectly healthy — people who, in fact, aren’t even aware of being infected. Many STDs cause no symptoms in some people, which is one of the reasons experts prefer the term “s*xually transmitted infections” to “Sexually transmitted diseases.”

More Health tip Nursetalk247

SYMPTOMS

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have a range of signs and symptoms. That’s why they may go unnoticed until complications occur or a partner is diagnosed. Signs and symptoms that might indicate an STI include:

• Sores or bumps on the ge****ls or in the oral or re**al area

• Painful or burning urination

• Discharge from the p***s

• Unusual or odd-smelling vaginal discharge

• Unusual vaginal bleeding

• Pain during s*x

• Sore, Swollen lymph nodes, particularly in the groin but sometimes more widespread

• Lower abdominal pain

• Rash over the trunk, hands or feet

Signs and symptoms may appear a few days to years after exposure, depending on the organism.

CAUSES

Sexually transmitted infections can be caused by:

• Bacteria (Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Chlamydia)

• Parasites (Trichomoniasis)

• Viruses (human papillomavirus, Ge***al herpes, HIV)

Sexual activity plays a role in spreading many other infectious agents, although it’s possible to be infected without s*xual contact. Examples include the Hepatitis A, B and C viruses, shigella, and Giardia intestinalis.

RISK FACTORS

Anyone who is s*xually active risks exposure to a s*xually transmitted infection to some degree. Factors that may increase that risk include:

• Having unprotected s*x.

Vaginal or a**l pe*******on by an infected partner who is not wearing a latex condom significantly increases the risk of getting an STI. Improper or inconsistent use of condoms can also increase your risk.

Oral s*x is less risky but may still transmit infection without a latex condom or dental dam. Dental dams — thin, square pieces of rubber made with latex or silicone — prevent skin-to-skin contact.

• Having s*xual contact with multiple partners.

The more people you have s*xual contact with, the greater your overall exposure risks. This is true for concurrent partners as well as monogamous consecutive relationships.

• Having a history of STIs.

Being infected with one STI makes it much easier for another STI to take hold. If you’re infected with herpes, Syphilis, Gonorrhea or Chlamydia and you have unprotected s*x with an HIV-positive partner, you’re more likely to contract HIV. Also, it’s possible to be reinfected by the same infected partner if he or she isn’t also treated.

• Anyone forced to have s*xual in*******se or s*xual activity.

Dealing with r**e or assault can be difficult, but it is important to be seen as soon as possible. Screening, treatment and emotional support can be offered.

• Abusing alcohol or using recreational drugs.

Substance abuse can inhibit your judgment, making you more willing to participate in risky behaviors.

• Injecting drugs.

Needle sharing spreads many serious infections, including HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. If you acquire HIV by injecting drugs, you can transmit it s*xually.

• Being an adolescent female.

In adolescent girls, the immature cervix is made up of constantly changing cells. These unstable cells make the adolescent female cervix more vulnerable to certain s*xually transmitted organisms.

• Men who request prescriptions for drugs to treat Erectile dysfunction.

Men who ask their doctors for prescriptions for certain drugs — such as sildenafil (Vi**ra), tadalafil (Cialis) and vardenafil (Levitra) — have higher rates of STIs. Be sure you are up to date on safe s*x practices if you ask your doctor for one of these medications.

Once you start antibiotic treatment, it’s crucial to follow through. If you don’t think you’ll be able to take medication as prescribed, tell your doctor. A shorter, simpler treatment regimen may be available. In addition, it’s important to abstain from s*x until you’ve completed treatment and any sores have healed.

• Antiviral drugs.

You’ll have fewer herpes recurrences if you take daily suppressive therapy with a prescription antiviral drug. Antiviral drugs lessen the risk of infection, but it’s still possible to give your partner herpes.

Antiviral drugs can keep HIV infection in check for many years, although the virus persists and can still be transmitted. The sooner you start treatment, the more effective it is. Once you start treatment — if you take your medications exactly as directed — it’s possible to lower your virus count to nearly undetectable levels.

If you’ve had an STI, ask your doctor how long after treatment you need to be retested. Doing so ensures that the treatment worked and that you haven’t been reinfected.

and correctly.

Use a new latex condom or dental dam for each s*x act, whether oral, vaginal or a**l. Never use an oil-based lubricant, such as petroleum jelly, with a latex condom or dental dam. Condoms made from natural membranes are not recommended because they’re not as effective at preventing STIs. Keep in mind that while condoms reduce your risk of exposure to most STIs, they provide a lesser degree of protection for STIs involving exposed ge***al sores, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) or herpes. Also, nonbarrier forms of contraception, such as oral contraceptives or intrauterine devices, don’t protect against STIs.

from spreading. Anything you tell them remains confidential.

• Contact your health department.

Although they may not have the staff and funds to offer comprehensive services, local health departments maintain STI programs that provide confidential testing, treatment and partner services.

Health is Wealth

Only those with sounds health enjoy thier wealth.
Happy new month.