Stretchmarks Prevention and Treatment

Tips to prevent stretch marks
Stretch marks appear on men and women of all ages, sizes, and skin types. They do not cause pain or health problems, but some people are bothered by their appearance. People often wonder how to prevent stretch marks from forming.

Skin can stretch to accommodate size changes, including those due to weight fluctuations, puberty, muscle gain, and pregnancy. If the skin stretches too quickly, the collagen and elastic tissues in the skin may break, resulting in stretch marks.
Stretch marks typically first appear as red, pink, or purple lines. Over time, the blood vessels heal, and the lines often fade and become less noticeable. However, they may not disappear entirely.

According to some estimates, up to 80 percent of the population get stretch marks. They are particularly common during and after pregnancy due to the rapid changes in the body.

Teenagers who experience fast growth and body changes during puberty may also develop stretch marks. Some people who gain muscle quickly, such as weightlifters, may get stretch marks on their arms, shoulders, and legs.
How to prevent stretch marks

While there is no way to guarantee that a person will not develop stretch marks, the following tips may help reduce the likelihood:
1. Eat omega-3s

Omega-3 fatty acids help the skin stay supple. Many cold-water fish contain omega-3, including:

salmon
herring
mackerel
sardines

Vegetarian sources of omega-3 include:

chia seeds
flaxseed
walnuts
algae
soybeans

2. Get vitamin D
Vitamin D is essential for healthy skin. A person can often get vitamin D from sun exposure.
However, too much sun exposure also raises the risk of skin aging and cancer. The Skin Cancer Foundation state that eating fortified foods and taking supplements when necessary is a safe way to get vitamin D without exposing skin to the sun.
3. Gain a healthy amount of weight during pregnancy

Experts recommend 25–35 pounds (lb) of total weight gain for pregnant women who are already at a healthy weight.

Women who are overweight before pregnancy should gain 15–25 lb, while underweight women should gain up to 40 lb.

Pregnant women should talk to their doctor about how much weight to gain during pregnancy because underlying health conditions can also affect the range.
4. Use a moisturizer
Moisturizing the skin regularly may help prevent

There are no creams or oils proven to prevent stretch marks. However, keeping the skin supple may be helpful for reducing the risk in some people.

Moisturizers can often help reduce itching that happens as the skin stretches. One review found that creams and oils may also help prevent stretch marks, but more recent research is necessary to confirm this.
5. Avoid anabolic steroid usage

Anabolic steroids weaken the skin’s structure, so people who use them, such as some athletes, may be more prone to stretch marks.

Anabolic steroids are not the same as corticosteroids, which are medications that people use to treat asthma, allergies, lupus, arthritis, and many other conditions.
6. Limit or avoid steroid creams for itching

Steroid creams or corticosteroids, which usually contain cortisone, may weaken skin’s collagen and result in stretch marks. However, people concerned about this should speak to a doctor before discontinuing them.

People can try anti-itch creams that do not contain cortisone for minor bug bites and rashes. They can also ask a doctor about nonsteroidal creams for conditions such as eczema.

If a person must use creams containing cortisone, it is best to use them only for as long as necessary before switching to a milder cream.
7. Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables

Researchers have not been able to prove that any specific vitamins prevent stretch marks, but evidence shows that skin needs a variety of nutrients, including vitamins A, C, E, and zinc, to stay healthy. Fruits and vegetables are rich in these and other vitamins and minerals.
8. Get regular exercise

Exercising regularly can help a person lose weight and avoid weight gain in the future. Remaining at a healthy weight can reduce the risk of excessive skin stretching.

Exercise also increases blood flow to the skin, which can help the skin rebuild itself.
9. Wear sunscreen and avoid direct sun

The sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays damage the skin’s collagen and elastin, which can make stretch marks more likely to form.

People should seek shade, wear UV-protective clothing, and apply sunscreen daily. It is essential to allow the sunscreen to absorb for 30 minutes before sun exposure and to reapply it at least every 2 hours while spending time in the sun.
10. Avoid smoking

Smoking reduces blood flow to the skin, which deprives it of the oxygen it needs to repair itself. In addition, smoking depletes nutrients in the body that the skin needs to stay healthy.

Smoking also releases damaging free radicals, which can break down the collagen and elastin fibers in the skin.
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Each and every person may get stretch marks irrespective of age, s*x, general health, life situation etc. However, these factors can make a favorable situation for stretch marks in many cases. Stretch marks appear as a result of excessive stretching of the skin for a prolonged period of time, which in turn, results in the rupture of collagen fibers in the skin. This causes cosmetic problems due to the appearance of pinkish or silvery white lines in different parts of the body.

Beauty–consciousness is an innate weakness of man. Hence, most of us leave no stone unturned in improving our looks. The skin is considered the mirror of the human body and reflects the physical, mental and emotional status of every individual. Therefore, the care of skin naturally assumes utmost significance in beauty care.

The number of people attending beauty clinics and dermatology departments is increasing day by day. Even though skin diseases have a negligible mortality rate, most people are worried about skin problems on account of the social stigma. A person with a disease involving an internal organ may not be as worried as another suffering from a skin ailment in view of the simple reason that everyone can expressly notice the change in the latter in the form of a distortion or plain ugliness.

STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN

The skin has three layers - The outer layer called the epidermis, the inner one called the hypodermis and the dermis in between these two. The epidermis is made up of keratinocytes and melanocytes. The dermis contains fibers made up of proteins such as collagen and elastin with a gel like ground substance to fill the gap between the protein fibers. The inner hypodermis contains fat and connective tissues with blood vessels and nerves.

Collagen: It is a structural protein that forms 80% of connective tissues. It acts as a cementing substance between body cells. The rate of tissue repair depends on the production of collagen. Conditions that hamper collagen formation can delay wound healing.

Elastin: It is also a protein that maintains the elasticity of the skin. Along with collagen and glycosaminoglycans it forms the connective tissue.

The human skin has got several functions such as protection, heat regulation, water balance, excretion etc. It supports the deep body structures and is capable of stretching to some extent due to the presence of elastic protein fibers in the dermis. But too fast enlargement of the body parts cause excessive stretching of the skin, resulting in the breaking of collagen and elastin fibers of the dermis. This causes a slightly depressed discoloration called stria atrophia or stretch marks. Initially these marks are slightly pinkish and later become white or silvery in appearance.


FACTORS AFFECTING THE SKIN

Certain factors are closely related with the quality of the skin. The color of the skin changes according to racial and genetic factors. A healthy skin should be elastic and free from excess dryness. It should be free from lesions such as eruptions, macules, papules, vesicles, pustules etc.
The following factors are closely related with the quality of skin.

• Hereditary factors

• Environmental factors

• Food intake
• Nutrition

• Water intake

• General health

• Sensitivity towards external factors

• Self care

• Hygiene

• Mental and emotional status

• Occupation
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HOW STRETCH MARKS ARE FORMED
Stretch marks are slightly depressed linear marks with varying length and breath found on certain parts of the body in conditions like pregnancy, obesity, puberty etc due to the excessive stretching of skin for a long period.

It has already been mentioned that the quality and strength of the skin depends on certain factors like general health, nutrition, hydration, hereditary factors, environmental conditions, hygiene, healthcare, skin care etc. A healthy skin can be stretched to some extent especially when the enlargement of skin is gradual. But when the body surface area increases in a short span of time there will be excessive stretching of the skin resulting in breaking of collagen and elastin present in the dermis.

When these protein fibers break, some kind of itching may be felt, but no pain. Along with breaking of fibers there will be dilatation of small blood vessels present in the skin, which results in red or purple stretch marks called stria rubra. Later, with the advancement of time there will be remodeling of skin with loss of melanin in the affected area and this causes them to become pale and silvery white in color. Now it is called stria alba. However in such cases they may appear as faint pale markings.

The length of stretch marks may vary and their average width is 1 to 10 mm. They are seen parallel to each other and make an angle of 90° with the direction of stretching of skin. These markings are actually formed in the deep tissues of the skin and gradually they appear on the skin surface. The usual sites are abdomen, buttocks, breasts, thighs, shoulders etc.

HOW TO PREVENT STRETCH MARKS

The idea of prevention has got a great significance in all health related problems. The old dictum, “Prevention is better than cure”, is fully applicable to every cosmetic lesion including stretch marks. We all know that modern treatment methods like cosmetic surgery and laser therapy are beyond the reach of ordinary man; hence, preventive measures have got greater importance.

The idea of prevention of stretch marks is still a topic of debate. Since there is a limit for the elasticity of skin, enormous stretching for a long time results in stretch marks. In case of pregnancy the abdominal wall has to keep stretching for a prolonged period to accommodate the enlarging uterus, and hence stretch marks during pregnancy are the most common among all types. However some preventive measures help to reduce the severity. But one thing is clear; prevention of stretch marks is much easier than its treatment.

However in the market, there are wide ranges of products available which are supposed to prevent stretch marks when applied on the skin throughout pregnancy. But most of the products have not been scientifically proved so far; yet people spend a lot of money.

There are some general guidelines to be followed by every person to prevent stretch marks.

1. Balanced diet: Balanced diet is most essential for the skin to maintain its quality. The diet should contain adequate amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, lipids, minerals etc. Most important among them are proteins, vitamins like A, C, E, K and Zinc.

Proteins: Main sources are meat, fish, egg, soybeans nuts etc.

Vitamins: Among vitamins the most important are Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E and vitamin K.

Vitamin A: Sources are Carrots, Vegetables, Rice, Pumpkin, Sweet Potato, Apricot, Spinach, Mango etc.

Vitamin C: Sources are Citrus fruits, Guava, Papaya, Strawberries etc.

Vitamin E: Sources are Almonds, Vegetable oils, Seeds, Sunflower, Oats, Peaches, Avocado etc.

Vitamin K: Green leafy vegetables, Cabbage, Liver, Milk products etc.

Zinc: Zinc is very essential for the formation of collagen. Mostly found in nuts, bananas, raisins, legumes and fish.

2. Water intake: Adequate amount of water should be taken every day to maintain the water balance of the body. When the skin becomes dry it is prone to stretch marks.

3. Controlled weight gain: Sudden increase in the body size is the main cause for stretch marks. Hence a controlled weight gain can reduce the chance greatly.

4. Exercise & relaxation techniques: Regular exercise and relaxation techniques can increase the blood supply to the skin and keep it intact. Exercise also helps to maintain the tone of muscles to prevent a big belly. It also helps to prevent excess of fat deposition. Exercise should be done regularly in a gentle manner. Rigorous exercise can be harmful and hence aerobic exercises are much useful for ordinary people. Similarly, walking, swimming, meditation, yoga, etc also help.

5. Habits: Avoid junk foods, over eating, to***co, alcohol and excess use of steroids.

6. Life style: A healthy life style should be maintained.

7. Sleep: Sound sleep is very essential for the maintenance of good health. However, sleeping with snoring should be avoided.

8. External applications: These are not 100% effective. External application of cocoa butter, olive oil, almond oil, fish oil, lavender oil, aloe vera extract etc during pregnancy and controlled weight gain are useful. Similarly ointments containing Vitamin A & E are also widely used with some benefits.

9. Milk bath: Milk is a major ingredient in a few cosmetic creams due to its skin softening properties. In this method the entire body is soaked in a bathtub containing a cup of skimmed milk powder and sufficient quantity of water. By repeating this procedure the skin becomes soft and elastic. This method may be utilized as a preventive and curative method for stretch marks. Use of soap is contraindicated while having a milk bath.



SOME QUERIES

1. I am pregnant and just entered the second trimester. Not I am little bit tensed due to anticipation of stretch marks. Kindly suggest some preventive measures.

Stella, house wife, Canada.

Answer: Here are some tips to prevent stretch marks:-

Tip 1:- Take plenty of fruits, vegetables, nuts and sufficient quality of water. Citrus fruits, emblica, apricot, avocado, mango, soybeans, tomato etc are useful.

Tip 2: - Regularly apply cocoa butter or any other oils like lavender oil, olive oil, almond oil etc on the abdominal wall and massage gently. Before applying the oils or creams skin sensitivity testing should be done by applying a small quantity on your forearm and watch for any redness or itching.

Tip3: - Do mild breathing exercises, relaxation methods like yoga, meditation etc.
Tip 4: - Some women consider stretch marks as a badge of motherhood. Hence don’t panic, just relax and expect a healthy baby from a healthy mother.

2. Recently I joined a health club and doing some exercises to develop my body. But I notice some white lines on the side of my hips and shoulders, kindly give a remedy.
John, law student, UK.

Answer: Skin stretching due to sudden change in the physical activity and muscle enlargement are the main causes behind these white lines, called stretch marks. Instead of doing rigorous exercises, do it gradually so that the skin will get sufficient time for stretching. Meanwhile take good nutritious food and apply olive oil or almond oil externally on the affected part.

3. I am a high school student in Alaska. Now I am greatly worried about white lines on my thighs and buttocks. Please suggest a remedy.

Helen, student, Alaska.

Answer: Hormonal changes and fat depositions due to puberty is the cause behind your stretch marks. But, remember, these are some physiological changes in the life of every woman. Any way, take good nutritious diet, do exercises and use some natural oils on the affected sites.

4. I delivered a healthy male baby by forceps delivery. But now I am very much depressed by the stretch marks on my belly. I applied some creams and natural oils, but no visible relief. Since I am model, these marks greatly affect me. Please suggest your views.
Austin, Canada.

Since you don’t get any relief, you can go for a laser therapy for a better result. Please consult a cosmetologist in your locality.

5. I have stretch marks since my delivery. Recently my husband brought a special cream indicated for stretch marks. I used it for a few days but got severe itching and eruptions on the parts. Please give your opinion.

Ellis, Florida.

Answer: Hi Mrs. Ellis, your skin is allergic to that particular cream. You need some anti allergic treatments, please consult a dermatologist. Remember, before using any creams check the sensitivity of your skin by applying a small quantity of the same cream on the forearm. Warm regards.

17 Home Remedies to Heal Stretch Marks Fast
What are Stretch Marks?
Stretch marks are the off-coloured stripes or streaks formed on the skin as a result of swift stretching of skin or weight changes. They mainly appear on abdomen due to pregnancy or obesity. In dermatology, they are termed as Striae. They are formed due to hormonal changes related to pregnancy, puberty, hormone replacement therapy, etc. Stretch marks can be commonly seen on waist, thighs, lower backs, hips, breasts, arms, and buttocks. How are these stretch marks formed? The skin of the human body consists of three main layers:
• Epidermis (the outer layer)
• Dermis (the middle layer)
• Hypodermic (the deepest and third layer)
When the connective tissue is stretched due to the expansion and contraction of skin, the stretch marks starts developing on the dermis or the middle layer of the skin. With the stretch in skin, the collagen gets weak, and the elastin fibres start tearing. Due to this, its normal production cycle gets damaged or interrupted. This results in the formation of fine scars under the epidermis or the top layer of the skin. Initially, they appear red or pink, but gradually, they turned into thin silvery line.
Causes
Stretch marks are not a disease, which infects the human body, but are the scars formed due to contraction and expansion of skin. They are basically caused by stretching of the skin. Their appearance depends on the type of skin. These ugly stretch marks are caused due to:
• The physical stretching of the skin at the end of pregnancy.
• Extraordinary weight gain, specially on arms, thighs, etc.
• Use of certain medications, including lotions, pills, Corticosteroid creams, and steroids.
• Adrenal gland diseases, Cushing’s syndrome, and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
• Genetic disorders
• Muscle building
• Hormonal changes during puberty
• Heredity
Symptoms
What are the signs of stretch marks? No one would ever like to have stretch marks on their skin. They commonly appear on the places where a large amount of fats is deposited. Some of the symptoms which help to recognize the development of stretch marks are as follows:
• The skin becomes pink, flattened and thin before the development of stretch marks.
• Development of red, pink, or purple lines on the skin.
• Affected area becomes soft in touch.
• At the initial phase, these lines appear wrinkly and somewhat raised.
• With the passage of time, these lines convert into silver or white in colour.
• They may also appear in patches of parallel lines.
• They appear as scar.
Home Remedies for Stretch Marks
It is natural that every woman will develop stretch marks at some point of time in her life. Although they are natural, but have truly ugly looks. No woman would like to have stretch marks on her skin. What to do if, they have risen on the skin? How to get rid of stretch marks? Every woman tries some, or the other thing to reduce stretch marks from skin, including surgical treatments. But, have you heard of natural or herbal remedies for stretch marks at home? Here are some quick home remedies for stretch marks, which will undoubtedly reduce or remove the scars from the affected area.
1. Sugar
Sugar is used as a natural exfoliant for skin. It is one of the best home remedies to get rid of stretch marks. Take a tablespoon of sugar. Add some drops of almond oil and lemon juice in it. Stir it well and apply directly on the stretch marks. Rub it for 8-10 minutes and then, take a shower. Continue to use it for one month or so, until the stretch marks gets fade out.
2. Potato Juice
Potato juice is rich in minerals and vitamins. It promotes restoration and growth of skin cells. Cut thick slices of a medium-sized potato. Take one of the potato slices and rub gently on the stretch marks for a few minutes. When the juice gets dried, wash the affected area with lukewarm water.
3. Water
Water is known for carrying oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body. To prevent skin from various problems, drinking water helps a lot. To get rid of stretch marks, a well-hydrated skin is required in order to allow regular detoxification of skin pores. It is the quickest remedy to heal stretch marks. Drink 10 glasses of water daily to make skin soft and maintain a hydrated body.
4. Aloe Vera
Aloe vera is considered to be the most effective homeopathic remedy for stretch marks and various other skin problems. It is known for its healing and soothing properties. Apply aloe vera directly on the stretch marks. After a few minutes, clean it with lukewarm water.
Alternatively, take a one-fourth cup of aloe vera gel. Extract oil from 5 vitamin A capsules and 10 vitamin E capsules. Mix both the oils with aloe vera. Rub this mixture carefully on the affected area until it gets fully absorbed. For better results, apply this mix daily.
5. Olive Oil
Olive oil is rich in antioxidants and nutrients, which are effective for skin disorders. For healing stretch marks, warm the olive oil slightly. Rub it gently on the affected area. With this, the blood circulation will improve and stretch marks will get reduced.
6. Lemon Juice
Lemon juice is other easy treatment for stretch marks. The acid present in lemon juice helps in reducing stretch marks, acne, skin injuries, and scars. Take out juice from some lemons. Massage it gently for 10 minutes in a circular motion on the stretch marks. Clean the affected area with warm water.
You can also mix some lemon juice with cucumber juice. Apply this mix directly on the affected area.
7. Castor Oil
Castor oil is considered to be a healing treatment for skin problems, like moles, dark spots, wrinkles, pimples, and fine lines. How is it used to heal stretch marks? Well, you can apply castor oil directly on the stretch marks. Massage it in a circular motion for 15 minutes. After massaging, wrap the affected area with thin and clean cotton cloth. Now, apply some heat with the help of heating pad or hot water bottle. Continue the process for 30 minutes daily for one month to get best results.
8. Cocoa Butter
Cocoa butter is famous for its anti-wrinkling and anti-aging properties. It helps in enhancing the blood circulation, which reduces stretch marks. Massage the affected area with cocoa butter at least two times a day. Repeat the process for two months and notice the reduced scars.
Else, mix half cup of cocoa butter with one tablespoon of wheat germ oil, one teaspoon of tea kernel oil, two teaspoons of grated beeswax, and vitamin E oil. Heat the mix until the beeswax melts. Apply it on the stretch marks twice or thrice a day. The mixture can be stored in a sealed box in the refrigerator.
9. Alfalfa Leaves
Alfalfa leaves consists of amino acids, which are effective for maintaining proper health of the skin. It is rich in vitamin E, K, and proteins, which help in improving body tone. It has anti-fungal agents, which detoxifies the skin. Take some alfalfa powder and mix it with a few drops of chamomile oil to form a paste. Gently rub the paste on the affected area thrice a day.
10. Egg Whites
To get rid of stretch marks, egg whites are beneficial as they are rich in proteins and amino acid. Extract whites of two eggs. Whip it with the help of a fork. After washing the affected area with clean water, apply a thick layer of egg whites with the help of a brush. Let it dry completely and wash it off with cold water. After this, apply some olive oil to moisturize the skin. For two weeks, continue the process daily for better results.
11. Apricots
Take two-three apricots. Cut them and remove their seeds. Grind them to form a paste. Apply the paste directly on the stretch marks. Leave it for 20 minutes. Then, rinse it with lukewarm water. Follow the process for one month and see the promising results.
12. Lavender Oil, Almond Oil, And Chamomile Oil
Prepare a mixture of vitamin-rich oils by mixing two teaspoons of almond oil, half teaspoon of lavender oil and half teaspoon of chamomile oil. Stir the mixture well and apply it on the stretch marks.
13. Tea Tree Oil
Tea tree oil owns anti-viral, antibiotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is effective for all types of skin problems. Take some tea tree oil and massage gently on the affected area.
14. Herbal Solution
Herbal solution is easy to prepare. It is actually a mixture of one tablespoon of wheat germ oil and one tablespoon of calendula oil. Apply this herbal mix on hips, breast, and abdomen to remove stretch marks.
15. Glycerine and Lemon
Lemon is rich in citrus acid. Put 1-2 drops of glycerine in lemon. Rub the lemon on the affected area gently. Repeat the process two times a day. It will not only reduce the stretch marks, but will also keep your skin moisturized.
16. Vitamin K
Vitamin K is helpful in preventing scars on dermis. Vitamin K is present in green vegetables, like cabbage, spring onions, pickled cucumber, etc. Make a salad of all these vegetables and consume it daily to get rid of stretch marks.
17. Physical Exercise
One must regularly do physical exercises, like abdominal crunches, sit-ups, swimming, etc., which tone the underlying muscles and remove the ugly stretch marks. Here are some exercises, which are beneficial to remove stretch marks:
• For Stretch Marks on Stomach : You are required to lie down flat on your back. Now, bend your knees keeping the feet flat on the floor. Keep your hands on the sides of your head. Now, lift your upper body somewhat off the floor, contracting your abs.
• For Stretch Marks on Thighs : Sit straight on the chair. Now, put your hands down to your sides, holding the chair. Now, swing your legs in up and down motion. This will help to firm your thighs.
• For Stretch Marks on Hips and Buttocks : Lie down flat on your back. Relax for a few minutes. Then, lift one leg creating a 90 degree angle. Lift it until you feel a pull on your buttocks. Try the same on the other leg. Slowly, increase your pace and strain on the hips, buttocks, and thighs.
• For Stretch Marks on Bottom : You are required to lie down facing the floor. Put your arms on the side. Lift your right leg up and then down. Repeat the same with left leg. Raise your leg at least 3-6 inches off the floor.
Note- For best results, practise 20 lifts for each exercise thrice a week.
How to Get Rid of Older Stretch Marks?
In this fast pace of life, women have very less time to take care of themselves. One of the problems that most of the women counter with is stretch marks. If stretch marks are not treated on time, they get older and difficult to remove. You can simply follow these remedies to lessen the older stretch marks:
• To get rid of older stretch marks, fractional laser therapy is the best option. It makes the skin surface smooth. Fractional laser treatment may also result in side-effects, like hyperpigmentation and scarring.
• You can also use SPF 60 directly on the stretch marks.
Other Treatments for Stretch Marks
Apart from natural home remedies, various other simple options are also available to remove stretch marks. They are as follows:
• Use oats as a natural scrub on the stretch marks.
• Use Vaseline on the stretch marks.
• For itchy stretch marks, take a warm shower followed by a gentle oil massage.
• Folic acid is also effective for healing the stretch marks.
• Use a moisturizer on the affected area.
• Retin-A (retinoic acid cream) can be used to lessen the stretch marks.
• Glycolic acid is useful to increase the production of collagen. It is safe to use during pregnancy.
• You can opt for “Mommy Makeover”, which includes liposuction, breast lifts, and tummy tuck treatments. These all are effective methods for reducing stretch marks.
• Pulsed dye laser or vascular laser can be effective on fresh stretch marks. However, it is not effective for dark women.
• One can try surgical or laser treatments to remove the stre
tch marks.
Useful Tips
• Consume protein, zinc and Vitamin C rich foods in abundance. Green salad, milk, fish, nuts and citrus fruits help a lot in diminishing stretch marks.
• Do yoga and other physical exercises on the regular basis.
• Pregnant women should not use creams and solutions, prepared from chemicals. Instead of fading away stretch marks, they may result in skin damaging rashes.
• Don’t scratch the affected area.
• Keep your skin moisturized.
BEFORE