Okey-Chemical industry

Understanding the Science of Perfume
Know the different notes. Perfumes are
a blend of different levels of scent, also
called “notes”. When you spray a fragrance
on your skin, it moves through these notes in
the following order:
Top notes are what you smell first. They
are also what disappears first, usually
within 10 to 15 minutes.
Middle notes appear as the top notes
die off. These are the fragrance’s core,
determining which family the perfume
belongs to — for example, oriental,
woody, fresh, or floral.
Base notes accentuate and fix the
fragrance’s middle notes, also known
as its theme. They comprise the
fragrance’s foundation, making the
scent last up to 4 or 5 hours on your
skin.
Familiarize yourself with popular top
notes. Popular top notes include basil,
bergamot, grapefruit, lavender, lemon, lime,
mint, neroli, rosemary, and sweet orange.
Familiarize yourself with popular
middle notes. These include black
pepper, cardamom, chamomile, cinnamon,
clove, fir needle, jasmine, juniper,
lemongrass, neroli, nutmeg, rose, rosewood,
and ylang-ylang.
Familiarize yourself with popular base
notes. These include cedarwood,
cypress, ginger, patchouli, pine, sandalwood,
vanilla, and vetiver.
Know the ratios. When mixing a
fragrance, first add your base notes,
then your middle notes, then finally, your top
notes. The ideal ratio for blending notes is
30% top notes, 50% middle notes, and 20%
base notes.
Some perfumers recommend combining
a maximum of 3 to 4 dominant notes.
Know the basic recipe. To make a
perfume, you need more than just the
top, middle, and base notes: you also need
something to add them to.
Your process begins with a carrier oil.
Popular choices include jojoba, sweet
almond, and grape seed oil.
Next, you’ll slowly add drops of your
base, middle, and top notes to the
carrier oil.
Finally, you’ll add something to help
merge the ingredients together. Alcohol
is a popular choice because it
evaporates quickly and helps diffuse the
perfume’s notes. A common choice

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How to make the Purest Virgin
Coconut Oil

You will need:
1. A blender for blending the coconuts. My
blender has 850W power and it can blend
pieces of coconut very well. I have also
used a 600W blender in the past (and
recently a 500W blender) with great results.
You can also grind it in the market but make
sure they clean their machine very well
before using it to blend the coconut for you.
2. Chopping board for cutting the coconut
flesh/meat.
3. A blunt object for breaking the coconut: a
hammer or small axe will do.
4. Original stainless steel pot for cooking the
coconut till the oil seeps out. Do not use
non-stick or coated pots for this because
during cooking, the coconut oil will get to
high temperatures.
5. Bowls.
6. Sieves.
7. Hot water mixed to a comfortable
temperature. Keep it as hot as you can
comfortably handle with your bare hands.
Extracting coconut milk with moderately hot
water gives you more coconut oil than when
you extract with warm or lukewarm water.
Don’t even use cool water.

Directions for making Coconut Oil

the procedure.
1. Break the coconuts with a heavy blunt
object.
2. When done, pry out the coconut meat from
the coconut shell with a knife. Once the
coconut is mature, the coconut meat should
come out of the shell easily.
3. Rinse the pieces of coconut thoroughly and
cut them into small pieces to help your
blender.
4. For best results, we need to blend the
coconuts with warm water . So boil some
water and mix with cool water to get warm
water.
5. Grind the pieces of coconut with the diluted
hot water till smooth. Depending on the
quantity you are making, you may need to
grind in batches.
6. Pour in a sieve to separate the coconut
milk from the chaff. Then press with your
hands to squeeze out the last drop.
7. Grind the chaff a second time to get more
coconut milk.
8. Use a sieve with a finer mesh to remove the
tiniest particles from the coconut milk.
9. When done, cover the bowl of coconut milk
and keep it in the fridge overnight.

10. The next morning, you will see that the
coconut oil has separated from the water
and caked beautifully on top like a frozen
lake. Yours did not cake?
11. Take the caked white coconut oil and place
in a clean dry stainless steel pot. The water
remaining in the bowl still has some
coconut taste and can be used to boil White
Rice , prepare Jollof Coconut Rice , White
Coconut Rice and any other recipe that calls
for coconut milk.
12. Cover the pot and start cooking on low to
medium heat. If you notice any smoke at
any time as you cook, reduce the heat to
very low.
13. Keep an eye on the pot and stir from time
to time. Cook till you notice some charred
coconut bits in the oil.
14. Set the pot aside so the coconut oil can
cool down to a comfortable temperature.
15. Sieve with a chiffon cloth or a cheese cloth
to remove the charred bits. If you still notice
any charred bits in the sieved coconut oil,
sieve again with a paper towel. Store in your
cupboard and use when you wish.
16. That’s it! Use coconut oil for cooking, for
your hair and body. Google for other uses of
coconut oil.

To Everybody,
As you celebrate Christmas, may you experience true
love. Jesus is the reason for the season and he is the
epitome of true love. Merry Christmas and a wonderful
New Year.

In this loveliest and happiest of
seasons , may you find many reasons
to celebrate . Have a wonderful
Christmas !

Making of body lotion normally doesn’t take much
time. Preparing the items to be used is the only stress
in it. Once they are assembled, you can get your
desired body lotion in less than 10 minutes.
Ingredients
Choice oils (4 oz.).
To make the body lotion of your choice, you will need
to get as many different kinds of oils as you can.
Whether sesame oil, grape seed oil or olive oil.
Organic oils are advisable because any other oil
contains pesticides and when applied on your skin (the
pesticide) might be absorbed and become
problematic to you.
Read Also: How To Package Liquid Soap In Nigeria
Lanolin (2 oz.).
Lanolin is an unquestionable moisturizer with very
strong effects on both the hair and on the skin. That
is why it is an important ingredient used in lip balms.
While lanolin when applied to the skin, seals moisture
from going out, it also traps moisture as air blows on
your body. Lanolin also refreshes and softens dry or
hard skin and reduces the pain in case of cracked
skin.
Aloe Vera gel (2 oz.).
Aloe Vera. A name that never gets out of the minds of
beauty lovers and cosmetologists. Aloe Vera is a rich
source of glycoproteins and compounds of
polysaccharides.
These two compounds are very important to the skin.
While polysaccharides are useful in stimulating the
growth of the hair and skin and also repairs damaged
cells, the glycoproteins help in reducing inflammation
and stops the pain in the skin. The immune system
also has lots of top benefit from these substances.
Note that you can also use the Aloe Vera to fill in the
place of water because Aloe Vera is mostly water.
Essential oils
Some essential oils are irritating to the skin. Oils like
elephant grass oil can irritate the skin. It is better to
use lemon oils.
So you are at liberty of using whatever oils (essential
oils you choose) as long as they do not irritate your
skin. Some essential oils are highly medicinal and you
may want to add them for their benefits.
Some commonly used essential oils are lavender,
vanilla, lemon and rose oils.
You may also wish to add optional ingredients like
bees’ wax and distilled water. The bees’ wax often
makes the lotion hardened in case it would be used
for your hands and face.
Although you may not be using the wax in the body
lotion, a complicated part of the production procedure
will need the wax to be warm and softened before the
final blending.
Add few teaspoons of distilled water to the recipe to
make it thinner and slicker just like lotion. However,
you may want to use Aloe Vera because it has similar
effects. Our advice is that you should go with the
latter.
Organic oils are quite very easy to get. Any whole
food store can sell organic oils but the problem might
be getting lanolin as it may be rare.
Read Also: 15 Steps to Produce Hair Cream in Nigeria
and Sell in Large Quantities
The recipe
a. Add a single cup of your chosen organic oil.
b. Add as much wax into the oil to make it 1 1/4 cups
c. Get a ½ cup of water
d. Get borax about 1/8 teaspoon full
e. You may get any essential oils of your taste and
add it to the recipe in the desired amount.
The process of Production
a. Place the wax and the oils in a container that is
heat proof. Microwave it for about 3 minutes checking
it after every minute to ensure complete melting of the
wax. You can also add butter and melt it in the
mixture.
b. Let there be boiling water in another container. You
can pour the borax in this boiling water and stir to
make it blend well. Ensure that this mixture is kept
hot.
c. When both mixtures must have been well meted,
pour the hot water and borax mixture into the mixture
of the oils and stir.
You should be careful as this might form bubbles and
begin to pour. With constant stirring, it should become
a bit creamy. Ensure the mixture is really hot.
Read Also: How To Produce Laundry Soap In Nigeria
d. When the mixture has gotten to the homogenous
and creamy state, you can add your essential oils
according to as you desire. When the mixture has
become consistent and creamy enough as you want it,
you can then pour it into a clean container.
Your body lotion is set and ready to be used or sold.
You can add aloe Vera water or lavender if you want to
use your lotion as an after-sun cream.
During the cleanup stage as mentioned earlier, it may
take much of your time due to the sticky nature of
lanolin. It is advisable to use soap and water when
carrying out this stressful process of getting lanolin
from the mixer.
If you have never made a body lotion before, this is
the best time to try.

Homemade Lotion Ingredients
1. 1/2 cup almond oil or jojoba oil (or any
other liquid oil)
2. 1/4 cup coconut oil.
3. 1/4 cup beeswax.
4. 1 tsp vitamin E oil (optional)
5. 2 TBSP shea butter or cocoa butter
(optional)
6. essential oils, vanilla extract, or other
natural extracts to suit your preference
(optional)

Wishing you joy and prosperity this Diwali

Changing the world Positively Positive