REAL tv and GM

In Moscow, regular electronic broadcasting began on March 10, 1939 [30]. On this day, the Moscow television center on Shabolovka, using a 17 kW transmitter installed on the Shukhov tower, broadcast a documentary about the opening of the XVIII Congress of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks [34]. Subsequently, the programs were broadcast 4 times a week for 2 hours.
In the spring of 1939, more than 100 TK-1 TVs with a screen of 14x18 centimeters, produced according to RCA documentation [18] [35], received broadcasts in Moscow. Just like the "VRK" in Leningrad, these televisions were used for collective screenings.
In 1949, the first mass Soviet electronic TV "KVN-49" appeared, designed for the modern standard of decomposition of 625 lines

1949 year
Regular electronic television broadcasting in the USSR was first started by the Experimental Leningrad Television Center (OLTC) on September 1, 1938 [34]. To receive these programs in the experimental workshops of VNIIT, 20 copies of the TV "VRK" (All-Union Radio Committee) with a screen of 13 × 17.5 centimeters were made [18]. The “Radist” plant produced 17TN-1 TVs, also suitable for receiving transmissions from the OLTC [35]. Some of them were used as monitors at the television center, and the rest were used for collective viewing in palaces of culture and factory clubs [34]. The programs were broadcast twice a week.

The DFR broadcast until 1944, when the Berlin Television Center was destroyed by bombing.
In 1936, regular electronic broadcasting began in the UK on what was then considered high-definition television: with a scan of 405 lines, which was created by the Marconi-EMI company. The work was supervised by a native of the Russian Empire, engineer Isaak Yulievich Schoenberg.
In the USSR, in Moscow and Leningrad, television centers were opened that carried out experimental transmissions using electronic technology. Leningradsky used domestic equipment with a standard of decomposition of 240 lines [30] [31]. The Moscow TV Center broadcast in the "American" standard for 343 lines and was equipped with RCA equipment
Soviet TV "Leningrad T-2"

The Great Depression, which coincided with the emergence of suitable systems, prevented the start of regular broadcasting of electronic television in the United States.
DFR (Deutscher Fernseh-Rundfunk - German Television Broadcasting), the world's first television channel broadcasting regularly using electronic technology, was launched in 1934 by the German television and radio company RRG [28].
The 1936 Berlin Olympics was the first to be broadcast live. At the same time, both electronic television cameras with a 180-line scan and a special film and television system with intermediate film were used, which made it possible to quickly carry out slow-motion repetitions of the most interesting moments.

The first television station WCFL, based on mechanical scanning, went on the air in Chicago on June 12, 1928. Its creator was Ulysses Sanabria.
On May 19, 1929, for the first time, he used a single band of radio waves to transmit images and sound, starting the broadcast of sound on the WIBO radio station, and the video signal on the WCFL station. This event can be considered the beginning of modern television.
In the USSR, since 1931, the "German" standard of mechanical television was used with a resolution of 30 lines and a frequency of 12.5 frames per second [25]. Initially, the transmission of sound was not provided. At first, with the help of the system, experimental film transmissions and event broadcasts were carried out, and from November 15, 1934, regular broadcasting began for 1 hour 12 times a month [26]. Among radio amateurs, the design of home-made mechanical televisions became widespread, since the radio bands used then made it possible to receive television broadcasts at long distances [10] [18]. In 1937, a brochure "Homemade TV" was published in Leningrad

The invention of full-fledged television was preceded by the development of a technology for transmitting still images over a distance, which began in the middle of the 19th century. The first of these is considered to be Alexander Bain's facsimile machine, patented in 1843 [6]. Most of these 19th century devices were based on photomechanical processes to translate an image into a combination of conductive and insulated areas suitable for conversion into an electrical signal. Television was made possible by Willoughby Smith's discovery of the photoconductivity of selenium in 1873, as well as the external photoelectric effect by Heinrich Hertz in 1887 [7]. An additional impetus to the development was given by the invention of the scanning disk by Paul Nipkov in 1884, which became the main element of mechanical television until the beginning of World War II

A possible prototype for television could be a device, the project of which was developed back in 1726 in Holland. It consisted of a receiver and a transmitter connected by a strong silk cord placed in a tube. On the transmitter, a person, using special brushes, drew an image on a special surface, the movements of the brushes turned into a special mathematical code like Morse code, information was transmitted by frequent intermittent tension on the rope, these movements were received by the receiver, decoded and set in motion the brushes, which displayed the image on the receiver. In order to transmit one drawing over a distance, it took about 20 minutes. Nobody saw the documented operation of the device, although its drawings have survived to this day.

The word Télévision is a Greek compound. τῆλε "far away" and lat. vīsio "vision". The term was first used in French in 1900 by the Russian scientist Konstantin Persky during the VI International Electrotechnical Congress, held as part of the World Exhibition in Paris [2] [3]. In English, the word was first heard in 1907 in the description of "a hypothetical system for transmitting moving images over telegraph or telephone wires" [4]. In Russia, for the first time, the transmission of images at a distance took place with the participation of Professor B.L. Rosing, who in July 1907, together with 4 professors of the St. Petersburg Technical Institute, and in 1912 began receiving radio signals from the Eiffel Tower. Receivers and detectors were installed. This was the first work experience of the future 18-year-old founder of television, a student of the same technical institute - V.K. Zvorykin (1889 - 1982). The word "television" was not used then, but appeared only in the USSR, replacing by the mid-1930s such terms as "electric vision", "long-term vision", "radio telescope" [3], "electric telescope", "television", or " kinoradio "," radio kino "(when transmitting films through television).

Broadcast storage technologies such as VCR and optical video discs have increased the availability of cinematographic products, making it possible to watch movies not only in cinemas but also on home televisions. By 2013, 79% of households worldwide had at least one television set [1]. Since the 1950s, television has played a key role in shaping public opinion, beginning to yield this niche to the Internet only in the mid-2010s. The role of technology in business and politics is enormous, as highlighted by the UN, which established a memorable day - World Television Day, which is celebrated annually on November 21.

Television (from ancient Greek τῆλε "far away" + Latin visio "to see" Go to the section " # Etymology") is a telecommunication technology designed to transmit a moving image over a distance. In most cases, sound is transmitted along with the image. In everyday life, the term is also used to generically designate organizations involved in the production and distribution of television programs. Since the second half of the 20th century, television has become the most influential medium for entertainment, education, news and advertising.