What you know about all

Each canton has its own constitution and legislation. The legislative bodies of the cantons are cantonal councils (Kantonsrat), elected by the population, the executive bodies are the ruling councils (Regierungsrat), consisting of prime ministers (Regierungspräsident) (or landammanns (Landammann)), vice-prime ministers (Regierungsvizepräsident) (or land stadtholders). (Landstatthalter)) and government councilors (Regierungsrat) elected by the cantonal councils.
Canton of Schwyz
The legislature of the Roman cantons is the big councils (French Grand Conseil, It. Gran Consiglio), the executive bodies are state councils (French Conseil d'État, It. Consiglio di Stato), consisting of the chairmen of the state council (French Président du Conseil d'État, it. Presidente del Consiglio di Stato), deputy chairmen of the Council of State (fr. Vice-président du Conseil d'État, it. Vicepresidente del Consiglio di Stato) and councilors of state (fr. Conseiller d'État, it. Consigliere di Stato)

Switzerland is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons (20 cantons (Kanton) and 6 semi-cantons (Landesteil)), cantons can be divided into districts (Bezirk), districts into cities and communities (Gemeinde), some communities into urban areas (Stadtkreis). Below is a list of cantons, with many cities in Switzerland having different names depending on the language.)

The highest court is the Federal Court (Bundesgericht, Tribunal fédéral), the courts of appeal are the highest courts (Obergericht), in Geneva - the Chamber of Justice (Justizhof, Cour De Justice), in Basel-Stadt - the courts of appeal (Appellationsgericht), the courts of first instance - district courts (Bezirksgericht), in Lucerne - district courts (Amtsgericht), in the Jura - courts of first instance (Gericht erster Instanz), in Obwalden, Nidwalden, Glarus, Schaffhausen, Zug, Appenzell-Ausserrhoden - cantonal courts (Kantonsgericht), in St. Gallen - county courts (Kreisgericht), the lowest level of the judicial system - world courts (Friedensgerichte) (not exist in all cantons), the highest judicial instance of administrative justice - the Federal Administrative Court (Bundesverwaltungsgericht, Tribunal administratif fédéral).

The largest federal trade union association in the country is the Association of Swiss Trade Unions (Schweizerischer Gewerkschaftsbund). In sectoral terms, it consists of sectoral trade unions, in territorial terms - from cantonal trade union associations (Kantonalgewerkschaftsbund), cantonal trade union associations from regional trade union associations (Regionalgewerkschaftsbund), regional trade union associations from local trade union associations (Lokalgewerkschaftsbund). The highest body is the trade union congress (Gewerkschaftskongress), between trade union congresses - the board of the trade union association (Gewerkschaftsbundesvorstand), the youth organization - trade union youth (Gewerkschaftsjugend).

The basic principles of the Swiss confederation were laid down in 1291. Until the end of the 18th century, there were no central state bodies in the country, but all-Union councils (Tagsatzung) were periodically convened. In 1798, Switzerland was occupied by France and a French-style constitution was adopted. In 1803, as part of the Act of Mediation, Napoleon restored Swiss independence. The first federal constitution, adopted in 1848, provided for the creation of a bicameral federal parliament. In 1874, a constitution was adopted that provided for the introduction of the institution of referendums. In 1999, a new, thoroughly revised edition of this constitution was adopted. Only in 1971, in accordance with the result of a national referendum, women received the right to vote, but its introduction in all cantons was completed only in 1990. Thus, Switzerland became the last European state to equalize women's voting rights with men.

All laws adopted by the parliament can be approved or rejected in an optional nationwide referendum (direct democracy), for which, after the adoption of the law, a minimum of 50,000 signatures must be collected within 100 days. Changes to the Constitution or accession to international organizations require confirmation at a nationwide mandatory referendum. All citizens of the country who have reached the age of 18 have the right to vote.

Romansh Europe and has four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh. Although the majority of the population is German-speaking, the Swiss national identity is rooted in a common historical experience, common values: federalism, direct democracy and Alpine symbols[12][13]. Due to its multilingualism, Switzerland is known by various names: Schweiz (in German); Suisse (French); Svizzera (Italian); and Svizra (Romansh), but Swiss coins and stamps use the Latin name of the country instead of the four national languages: Confoederatio Helvetica, often shortened to "Helvetia".

The creation of the Swiss Confederation belongs to the late medieval period and was the result of a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy. Switzerland's independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized at the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Since the Reformation of the 16th century, Switzerland has adhered to a policy of armed neutrality, it has not waged external wars since 1815 and did not join the UN until 2002; nevertheless, it pursues an active foreign policy for world peace. Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross, one of the oldest and best known humanitarian organizations in the world; a platform for numerous international organizations, including the second largest branch of the UN. The country is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association (but not a member of the European Union, the European Economic Area or the Eurozone), but participates in the Schengen Area and the European Single Market through bilateral agreements.

Switzerland is located at the crossroads of western, central and southern Europe, is landlocked and borders Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. The country is geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss plateau and the Jura, covering a total area of ​​41,285 km². While the Alps occupy most of the territory, Switzerland's population of approximately 8.5 million people is mainly concentrated on the plateau, where the largest cities are located, including two global ones - Zurich and Geneva.

Switzerland (German die Schweiz, French Suisse, Italian Svizzera, Romansh Svizra), officially the Swiss Confederation (Latin Confoederatio Helvetica, German Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft, French Confédération suisse, Italian Confederazione Svizzera, Romansh Confederaziun svizra) , The State of Switzerland is a state in Central Europe, a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons with federal authorities in Bern