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In accordance with the Westminster Statute, the only constitutional link between Australia and Great Britain remained the common head of state - the British monarch. Australia adopted it [en] in 1942 [80], but the date was officially set in 1939 in order to validate the legislation passed by the Australian Parliament during World War II [81] [82]. The shock of Britain's defeat in Asia in 1942 and the threat of a Japanese invasion were the reasons for the rapprochement between Australia and the United States. [83] Since 1951, under the terms of the ANZUS Treaty, Australia has become a formal military ally of the United States [84].
After World War II, immigration from Europe began to be encouraged in Australia. Since the 1970s, after the abolition of the White Australia policy, the level of immigration from Asia has increased [85]. As a result, the demographic data of Australia, culture and self-esteem of Australians (assessment of the nation as a whole) changed [86]. In 1986, the Australia Act was passed, which abolished the supremacy of the British Parliament over the parliaments of individual Australian states and the supremacy of the British court.

The indigenous population, which ranged from 750,000 to 1,000,000 at the beginning of the European settlement of Australia [58], fell sharply in the 150 years after the start of settlement, mainly due to infectious diseases brought by whites [59]. Bane Atwood, author of several books on Aboriginal rights and history, believes the Stolen Generations program may have contributed to the decline in Australian Aboriginal populations. [60] This interpretation of Aboriginal history is disputed by many conservatives, such as former Australian Prime Minister John Howard, and is considered by them to be exaggerated or fabricated for political or ideological reasons. [61] The Stolen Generations Debate in Australia Called Historic Wars

Over time, separate colonies were formed from parts of New South Wales: South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, and Queensland in 1859 [. The Northern Territory was founded in 1911 by allocating part of the territories of South Australia [53]. South Australia, Victoria and Western Australia were founded as so-called "free colonies", that is, they never brought in prisoners [54], but the last two colonies soon began to import prisoners [en. The reluctance of the people of New South Wales to accept convicts led to the end of the import of prisoners into this colony; the last ship with convicts arrived in 1848 (however, the last ship with prisoners arrived in Australia on January 10, 1868, in the state of Western Australia)

This is the only use of the word "Australia" in the text; but in Appendix III of Robert Brown's book General remarks, geographical and systematical, on the botany of Terra Australis; 1814, the adjective Australian is used throughout [19] and this the book is the first documented use of the word [20]. Despite common misconceptions, the book did not play a significant role in the adoption of the word "Australia" for the name of the continent - this name was adopted over the next ten years after the publication of the book [21]. Lachlan Macquarie, Governor of New South Wales, used this name in official letters to England, and on December 12, 1817, recommended that the Colonial Office of the British Empire officially accept it [22]. In 1824, the British Admiralty finally approved this name for the continent.

The earliest documented records of the use of the word "Australia" in English were A note of Australia del Espíritu Santo, written by Master Hakluyt, in 1625 and published by Samuel Purchas in Hakluytus Posthumus, where the Spanish name Australia del Espíritu Santo, given to an island in the New Hebrides archipelago, has been distorted to Australia. [13] The adjective Australische was also used by Dutch officials in Batavia (modern-day Jakarta) to refer to all the southern lands newly discovered since 1638 [14]. The word "Australia" was used in Les Aventures de Jacques Sadeur dans la Découverte et le Voyage de la Terre Australe; 1676) [15]. In reference to the entire South Pacific, the term is used by Alexander Dalrymple, a Scottish geographer, in his book An Historical Collection of Voyages and Discoveries in the South Pacific Ocean; 1771 ... In the late 18th century, the term is used by botanists George Shaw and James Edward Smith to refer to the Australian continent in their book Zoology and Botany of New Holland (1793) [16], as well as on the 1799 map, owned by James Wilson

The term "Australia" (English Australia, [əˈstɹæɪljə, -liə] in Australian English [12]) comes from lat. austrālis ("southern"). In the colloquial speech of Australians, the word Oz is used to refer to Australia. Australians use the word Aussie ([ˈɒzi]) to refer to the adjective “Australian”.
Legends of the Unknown Southern Land (lat. Terra Australis Incognita) - "the unknown land in the south" - date back to the days of the Roman Empire and were common in medieval geography, despite the fact that they were not based on any knowledge of the continent itself.

Australia is one of the developed countries, being the thirteenth largest economy in the world, and has the sixth largest GDP per capita in the world. Australia's military spending is the twelfth largest in the world. With the second-highest human development index, Australia ranks high in many areas, such as quality of life, health, education, economic freedom, protection of civil liberties and political rights. [11] Australia is a member of the G20, OECD, WTO, APEC, UN, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, AUCUS and the Pacific Islands Forum.

Australia (English Australia, IPA: [əˈstreɪljə], from Latin austrālis - "southern"), the official form is the Australian Union, or Commonwealth of Australia (English Commonwealth of Australia [6], IPA: [ˈkɒm.ənˌwəˈstreθəvl ), - a state in the Southern Hemisphere, occupying the continent of the same name, the island of Tasmania and several other islands of the Indian and Pacific oceans [* 1]; is the sixth largest country in the world. East Timor, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea are located north of the Commonwealth of Australia, Vanuatu, New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands to the northeast, and New Zealand to the southeast. The mainland of the Commonwealth of Australia is separated from the main island of Papua New Guinea by the Torres Strait with a minimum width of about 150 km [8], and the distance from the Australian island of Boigu to Papua New Guinea is about 5 kilometers [9]. The population at 31 December 2018 was estimated at 25,180,200, most of whom live in cities on the east coast