Three day of GM

In the south, the climate is subtropical [70] [53]. Tropical air with clear calm anticyclonic weather prevails in summer, and temperate air in winter with gloomy rainy rather windy cyclonic weather. In the southwest there are significant seasonal amplitudes of air temperature and precipitation distribution [68]. In the southeast, a more even seasonal distribution of precipitation, possible snowfall [68]. The average daily air temperature in January is +20 ° C, in July +9 ° C [7]. Dry deserts can raise the average daily temperature to +37 .. + 38 ° C. These parts of the country are very favorable for agriculture, horticulture and livestock - wheat-sheep belt

The western and central parts of the continent up to 30 ° south latitude lie in the tropical climate zone - the climate is sharply continental [69] [53]. Tropical air masses dominate throughout the year. Hot dry weather with large daily temperature amplitudes. The average daily air temperature in January is +34 ° C, in July +10 ° C [7]. In summer, the average daily may not fall below 37 ° C for 3-4 months; the absolute maximum is 50 ° C [68]. Eastern trade winds predominate, and storms may come from the seas and oceans during the warm season. The southwest of the continent is known for the most constant wind on the planet, the sea breeze called "Dr. Fremantle" [18]. On the Nullarbor Plain, climatic conditions are similar to those in Central Australia, with lower winter temperatures and milder summer droughts.

The northern part of the country up to 20 ° south latitude lies in the subequatorial climate zone [50] [53]. Humid equatorial air masses predominate in summer and arid tropical air masses in winter. In summer the winds blow from, and in winter to the equator. Seasonal amplitudes of air temperature are insignificant, winter is slightly cooler than summer [68]. The average daily air temperature in January is +28 ° C, in July +24 ° C [7]. In the summer-autumn period (from November to April) destructive tropical cyclones come from the seas once or twice (up to 14 in total), during which wind speeds exceed 30 m / s. Thus, in 1974, Cyclone Tracy almost completely destroyed the capital of the Northern Territory, Darwin. In the winter, a drier season may be observed away from the sea. Near the east coast of the Cape York Peninsula, humidity and rainfall are significant in all seasons, with a maximum in summer. Agroclimatic conditions are unsuitable for agriculture.

Most of the continent is located in latitudes, where the south-eastern trade wind circulation. And although air masses move from the Pacific Ocean, they do not bring significant precipitation to the interior of the mainland, because the Great Dividing Range intercepts moisture, heavy rainfall falls only on the windward slopes of mountains in a narrow coastal strip. In the north, the "rainy season" falls in summer, in the south - in autumn and winter, on the east coast, the rains fall relatively evenly throughout the year [7]. About 40% of the continent receives 50-250 mm of precipitation per year and only 10% - more than 1000 to 2000 mm (east coast) [7]. The extreme aridity of Australia's climate significantly complicates farmland use. Every 10-15 years, major droughts occur in Australia, sometimes lasting two to three years. [66] [67] During this period, 2/3 of the continent receives less than 25 mm of precipitation per year. However, the real natural disaster for Australia is sudden downpours, exceeding the monthly norm by 10-17 times, which cause great damage to agriculture: crops and livestock die, the soil is washed away

Climatic conditions in the country are determined by the location of most of the territory in the tropical zone of the southern hemisphere, the change of seasons is inverse to the change of seasons in Ukraine [7]. Hot summers fall from November to January, cool winters - from June to August. However, a clear change of seasons can be observed only in the north and south, and it is expressed mostly in the humidification mode. Australia receives a significant amount of solar energy throughout the year, the whole continent is characterized by high temperatures, average summer temperatures +20 .. + 28 ° C, average winter +12 .. + 24 ° C. The lowest recorded temperatures are in the plains -4 ..- 6 ° C, in the mountains (Australian Alps) -22 ° C. The mainland is dominated by continental tropical air masses and descending air movements, making Australia the driest continent on the planet.

In 1642, the Dutchman Abel Tasman made a journey during which he discovered Van Diemen's Land (later called Tasmania) and New Zealand, thereby making a significant contribution to the exploration of Australia. He sailed past the east coast of Australia to the south coast of New Guinea in 1644 on his second voyage. He skipped the Torres Strait between New Guinea and Australia and continued to sail west along the Australian coast, and ultimately, thanks to him, the west coast of Australia was shown on the maps.
By the 50s of the 17th century, thanks to Dutch sailors, the outlines of Australia were quite clearly traced on maps.

The discovery of Australia took place in 1606, when Willem Jansson on the Daifken ship landed on the coast of Australia [40], calling it New Holland and declaring it a possession of the Netherlands (the Dutch never mastered it). In the same year, the Spanish expedition of Pedro Fernandez Quiros landed on the New Hebrides and, believing that this is the southern continent, named it the Southern Land of the Holy Spirit (Spanish Austrialis del Espiritu Santo) [41] [42]. Later that year, Kyros' deputy Luis Vaez de Torres sailed through the Torres Strait and may have seen the northern coast of Australia.

Some authors have tried to prove that Europeans visited Australia as early as the 16th century. Kenneth McIntyre and other historians have argued that the Portuguese secretly discovered Australia in the 1620s. [38] The presence on Dieppe's maps [en] of the inscription "Jave La Grande" [en] (French Jave La Grande) was often perceived by them as proof of the "Portuguese discovery". However, Dieppe's maps reflect the unfinished state of geographical knowledge of the era, both factual and theoretical [39]. Although the theories of European visits prior to the 17th century continue to attract a lot of interest in Australia and elsewhere, they are generally considered controversial and insufficiently proven.

Aboriginal art is considered the oldest continuing art tradition in the world [30]. Its age is estimated at 30,000 years and can be found throughout Australia (in particular, Uluru and Kakadu National Park). In terms of age and abundance of drawings, rock art in Australia is comparable to the caves of Lasko and Altamira in Europe. Period 10-12 thousand years BC Tasmania is isolated from the mainland, and some stone technologies could not reach the Tasmanian aborigines (for example, the use of boomerangs) [35]. During the earliest period of Australian history, volcanic eruptions occurred frequently in southeastern Australia. [36] In southeastern Australia, on Lake Condah in the state of Victoria, semi-permanent settlements with large food supplies have been found [37]. For centuries, the Makassars have traded with the natives of Australia, in particular the Yolngu people in northeastern Arnhem Land.

The ancestors of Australian aborigines appeared in Australia 40-60 thousand years ago (according to other sources - about 70 thousand years ago) [24] [25]. Humans arrived in Australia by sea at a time when New Guinea and Tasmania were part of the continent, making them the earliest maritime travelers in the world. [26] The population of the continent with people began 42-48 thousand years ago
The earliest human remains are found at Lake Mungo, a dry lake in southeastern New South Wales. [28] These remains are one of the oldest examples of cremation found on Earth, indicating the early existence of religious rituals among Australian Aborigines.

The kangaroo adorns the Australian coat of arms, money and emblems of many Australian organizations.
Scientists identify about 60 species of kangaroos and their closest relatives.
When the kangaroos are resting, they relax their paws and transfer their entire body weight onto their tail.
A mother kangaroo can throw a sick cub out of her pouch in order to then produce healthy offspring.
Kangaroos are capable of accelerating to 56 km / h

Many kangaroos have the unique ability to delay the development of fertilized embryos. If, at the time of mating, the female already has a small cub, the fertilized embryo will not begin to develop until the older baby grows up or dies. A new cub will be born almost immediately after its predecessor leaves the mother's pouch.
Kangaroo meat is considered healthier than pork or beef due to its low fat content.