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Kwashiorkor also known as Edematous Malnutrition is a disorder caused by a severe protein deficiency in the body. This disorder is not to be confused with Marasmus. Kwashiokor is specific to only protein deficiency, but not any other type of nutrient deficiency in the body. It can affect anyone at any age, but children in under-developed countries are more at risk for developing this preventable but overlooked disorder due to their fragile and still growing bodies and poverty. Their growth is then likely to be stunted and slow for the rest of their lives.

Marasmus involves a deficiency of other nutrients in the body including carbohydrates, not just protein. That’s the major difference between the two disorders.

Kwashiorkor, if left untreated for a long time can become life threatening due to dehydration that leads to multiple organ failures, especially the liver. In this disorder, there is fluid retention in the body leading to abdominal distention and swollen feet and ankles (Peripheral Edema)

When excess fluids are accumulated in the body, eventually, they will begin to leak into the spaces in the extremities causing peripheral edema. The fluids may also accumulate in the abdominal cavity leading to ascites and enlargement of the liver.

Because of food insecurities, the person suffering from kwashiorkor is not getting enough protein-rich foods and drinks, and becomes dehydrated and emaciated.

Treatment of this disorder is centered around replacing electrolytes and refeeding the individual by adding protein, fluids and more calories to their diet to improve their health and encourage recovery. This must be done gradually to avoid refeeding syndrome that can cause even more problems for the patient.

Monitoring their blood sugar is an essential part of treatment, since they may become hypoglycemic and may have electrolyte imbalances. Monitor calcium and potassium levels in the body. Lack of potassium in the blood may shut down the heart causing death. Say NO to food insecurities! Say NO to economic blockades! Save the children’s vital organs!
Chibugoma

Avian Influenza also known as Bird Flu (H5N1 Virus) is a virus associated with wild birds. This infection may also spread from infected birds to chickens and turkeys.

Human infection of this virus is rare, but possible when the infected birds shed off the virus through their saliva or f***s. Humans may then become infected when they touch anything or surroundings contaminated by the particles from the virus, and then touch their eyes, mouth or nose (mucous membranes) transferring the virus to themselves.

A lab test to diagnose this infection properly is necessary, since the symptoms exhibited by the person may be similar to the symptoms of other viruses, including the ones caused by the common cold.

Symptoms may range from mild to moderate to severe, requiring hospitalization and serious interventions to prevent death. When the person infected with the avian flu is experiencing shortness of breath, he or she may require oxygen supplementation to help the lungs exchange more air to ease breathing.

Fever may not always be present, but a body temperature above 100 degrees Fahrenheit should be reported to the doctor for further treatment.

If you have Chicken or Turkey, protect yourself as they may be more likely to be infected with the bird flu from other wild birds. Wash your hands frequently, and immediately after touching the chicken or turkey. Avoid touching your mucous membranes unnecessarily, unless you need to do so. Wash your hands first, and avoid chicken droplets as much as possible.

Never ignore your symptoms, investigate for causes of a possible infection with the bird flu!
It may not be totally eradicated! Don’t take chances. You may never know what the wild birds have, but you may control what you do around them. Be in charge!!
Chibugoma

Pneumonia also known as pneumonitis is an inflammation in the alveoli of the lungs where air exchange takes place. This may be caused by a bacterial or viral infection.

The air sac in the lungs may become filled with fluids or pus, making it difficult for the person to circulate oxygen throughout the pulmonary system.

The most classic sign that indicates the presence of pneumonia is a productive cough. Blood may be present in the mucus. Your doctor may then order an X-ray and other blood tests for confirmation and proper diagnosis, before determining the type of treatment needed.

This infection may vary in severity depending on the age of the individual, and what is causing the symptoms. Babies and older adults above the age of 65 are more like to develop complications from this life-threatening infection, due to under-developed lungs in children and aging lungs in the older adults.

Depending on the cause of the infection, antibiotics medication may be given through the arms intravenously to kill the bacteria responsible for the infection. Viral pneumonias may resolve on their own with the help of antiviral medications, after they have ran their course.

Oxygen therapy may be used to supplement deficient oxygen circulation in the lungs. Drink some warm fluids if okayed by your doctor to help loosen your mucus, and make it easier for you to cough them out of the lungs for a better air exchange.

Elevate the head of the bed to a level tolerable for the person to help with better breathing. Never lie down flat on your back or stomach, as this may make breathing even more difficult. Exercise as permitted by your symptoms, to help move phlegms around in the lungs.

Take your time to get better, as recovery times may be pronged due to increased sedentary lifestyle. Get vaccinated for prevention!!
Chibugoma

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Shingles also known as Herpes-Zoster Virus results from having ChickenPox Virus in the past. The varicella-zoster virus that causes chickenpox in children and adolescents is also responsible for an outbreak of Shingles in older adults.

The virus that caused chickenpox may hide in the nerves in the spine for many years, and then may reactivate itself later on in life, usually after age 60, causing Shingles. Thus, advanced age may be a predisposing factor to developing Shingles, due to a decrease in immune-system activities associated with increased age.

The primary hallmark of this secondary infection is a painful reddish and itchy blisters and rashes on one side of the body. The rashes may be more prominent on the torso or the face.

The person affected with this infection may require hospitalization and admission to prevent complications from the virus, depending on the severity of the symptoms presented. Otherwise, homecare remedies may be suffencient enough to take care of the infection.

Antiviral medications may be helpful in decreasing the symptoms caused by this virus, if started within 72 hours of the start of symptoms. But, they will not cure or stop the virus. Apply some calamine lotion to help reduce itchiness, and soothe the blisters. Cold compresses may also help with pain control.

Pain in the nerves called postherpetic neuralgia is a complication from shingles, and may result after shingles have resolved. This may cause the person to be treated with certain medications to alleviate the nerve pain for a long time.

Opioid narcotics may be prescribed for more severe pain not controlled by regular pain medications like Acetaminophen. Anti-seizure medications like Gabapentin may also be used to accomplish the relief of nerve pain associated with shingles, after lesions heal and crust over.

Take these medications exactly as directed by your physician, as they may have a tendency to lead to opioid abuse, addiction and dependency.

Vaccinations for shingles is the single best way to prevent reactivation of the chickenpox virus.

You cannot transmit shingles to others, but shingles may be very contagious during the blistering stage of the disease.
Wear loose clothings that cover the blisters, in case of any contact with another individual. Avoid close contacts with others, until you heal. Manage your pain appropriately!
Chibugoma

Fever also known as Pyrexia is one of the body’s immune system response to an infection.
When the body encounters a foreign pathogen 🦠 that shouldn’t be present in the body, the immune system (the body’s defense system) may immediately begin to fight against it by increasing heat production and blocking further heat loss from the body.

This phenomenon may then lead to an excessive rise in the body’s temperature, known as a fever. The normal body temperature of an adult person is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit.

A fever that occurs without any other symptoms of a disease may be harmless, and have no cause for concern. It may resolve on its own, without further treatments or medications to reduce the fever. But when a fever is accompanied by other unpleasant symptoms like vomiting and diarrhea that may indicate a serious infection, consult with your doctor immediately.

This is especially important in children between the ages of six month old and five years. Children in this age group are at a higher risk of developing seizure activities and convulsions as a result of an untreated high-grade fever. Call your child’s healthcare provider or go to the nearest emergency room if your child’s temperature is above 100 degrees Fahrenheit, or has a seizure that lasts for more than five minutes at a time. This may require immediate medical intervention to prevent serious complications from occuring.

In the elderly, the first sign of an infection is not a fever. Watch out for any sign of confusion, delirium or disorientation in the older adult as this may indicate there is an infection growing somewhere in the body. A urinary tract infection may be suspected, especially in women.

Check their body temperature with a thermometer to determine if the elderly person is running a fever (febrile). Then, report to the doctor accordingly for further investigation and possible treatment with antipyretics.

Never take a fever lightly, as it may lead to long-term damages to the brain and other organs in the body. Avoid things and people that may make you or your child sick!! Endeavor to stay healthy!
Chibugoma

Tetanus also known as Lockjaw is a bacterial infection caused when spores and toxins called clostridium tetani enter the body through an open wound and infect it.

This infection may be life-threatening, as it has the potential to affect the muscles used for breathing (respiratory muscles). It is especially dangerous, because it is often found in your immediate environments like soils and dusts around you. Hence, it is not spread from person-to-person contacts.

Any wounds or cuts in the body may directly put a person at risk for developing this bacterial infection. Cover your wounds immediately after cleaning them with a bandage to keep bacteria away. Change the dressing on the wound at least once a day or any time it becomes soiled and dirty. Apply antibiotic ointments to discourage bacteria from invading the wound.

Never keep quiet if you think you may have developed tetanus. Go to the hospital immediately, as this infection requires serious treatments with antibiotics, and preferably in an intensive care unit. Never treat it yourself at home.

Locking of the jaw may make the person affected with this infection unable to open their mouth or swallow foods and drinks. They may also experience muscle stiffness and rigidity, especially of the muscles in the lungs, leading to respiratory failure from low oxygen saturation and oxygen deprivation.

Stay up to date with your tetanus vaccinations at least every 10 years. Pregnant women may be at a higher risk for developing tetanus, therefore may also require a tetanus injection to help prevent their babies from getting neonatal tetanus. Most babies who get neonatal tetanus die from the infection, therefore, special caution may be advised while pregnant.

Watch for signs of muscles spasms if you experience a cut on your skin, especially if you are unsure of the last time you got your tetanus vaccine. Never keep your breathing muscles stiff. Move them to keep yourself alive.
Chibugoma

Diabetic Foot Ulcers may be caused by Peripheral Neuropathy due to damages to the nerves associated with diabetes. It is not caused by a spiritual attack or poison. If you have been diagnosed with diabetes, take care of your feet by examining the places between your toes daily.

Moisturizing your feet with lotion or moisturizer may help to alleviate some dryness and itchy skin brought about by diabetes. Avoid wearing shoes that are too tight and more likely to cut off further circulation from your legs and feet.

Most importantly, never apply lotion in between your toes, as this may predispose you to infections and foot ulcers that may or may not heal, leading to amputations. Never get to that extent!! Save your mobility!!
Chibugoma