C.N.M with COG Mubanga

CAUSES OF DIABETES
The exact cause of most types of diabetes is unknown. In all cases, sugar builds up in the bloodstream. This is because the pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes may be caused by a combination of genetic or environmental factors. It is unclear what those factors may be.
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Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that affect how the body uses blood sugar (glucose). Glucose is an important source of energy for the cells that make up the muscles and tissues. It's also the brain's main source of fuel.

The main cause of diabetes varies by type. But no matter what type of diabetes you have, it can lead to excess sugar in the blood. Too much sugar in the blood can lead to serious health
SYMPTOMS OF DIABETES
Diabetes symptoms depend on how high your blood sugar is. Some people, especially if they have prediabetes, gestational diabetes or type 2 diabetes, may not have symptoms. In type 1 diabetes, symptoms tend to come on quickly and be more severe.

Some of the symptoms of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes are:

Feeling more thirsty than usual.
Urinating often.
Losing weight without trying.
Presence of ketones in the urine. Ketones are a byproduct of the breakdown of muscle and fat that happens when there's not enough available insulin.
Feeling tired and weak.
Feeling irritable or having other mood changes.
Having blurry vision.
Having slow-healing sores.
Getting a lot of infections, such as gum, skin and vaginal infections.

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CAUSES OF JOINT PAIN:
Adult Still disease
Ankylosing spondylitis
Avascular necrosis (osteonecrosis)
Bone cancer
Broken bone
Bursitis
Complex regional pain syndrome
Depression (major depressive disorder)
Fibromyalgia
Gout
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Leukemia
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JOINT PAIN
is discomfort in a joint. Sometimes, the joint swells and feels warm as well.

Joint pain can be a symptom of many ailments, including some viruses. The most common cause of joint pain is arthritis. There are more than 100 types of arthritis.

Joint pain can be mild, causing soreness only after certain activities. Or it can be severe, making even small movements very painful.
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RISK FACTORS OF INFERTILITY

Many of the risk factors for both male and female infertility are the same. They include:

Age. Women's fertility slowly declines with age, especially in the mid-30s. It drops quickly after age 37. Infertility in older women likely is due to the lower number and quality of eggs, or to health problems that affect fertility. Men over age 40 may be less fertile than younger men. The risk of birth defects and genetic problems also rises for children born to men over age 40.
To***co use. Smoking to***co by either partner may lower the chances of pregnancy. It also can make fertility treatments less effective. The risk of miscarriages may rise in women who smoke to***co. When a pregnant person's partner smokes, that also raises the risk of miscarriage — even when the pregnant person is not a smoker. And smoking can raise the risk of erectile dysfunction and a low s***m count in men.
Ma*****na use. Ma*****na may affect fertility, but more research is needed. Use during pregnancy has been linked with negative health effects on unborn babies. It also might raise the risk of miscarriage and stillbirth.
Alcohol use. For women, there is no safe level of alcohol use when you're trying to get pregnant or during pregnancy. Alcohol may contribute to infertility. For men, heavy drinking can lower s***m count and affect how well s***m move.
Being overweight. An inactive lifestyle and being overweight or obese can raise the risk of infertility. Obesity is linked with lower quality of semen, the fluid that contains s***m.
Being underweight. People at risk of fertility problems include those with eating disorders, such as anorexia or bulimia. Those who follow a very low-calorie or restrictive diet also are at risk.
Exercise issues. A lack of exercise plays a role in obesity, which raises the risk of infertility. Less often, ovulation problems may be linked with frequent, strenuous, intense exercise in women who are not overweight.
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CAUSES OF FEMALE INFERTILITY
These can include:

Ovulation disorders. These conditions affect the release of eggs from the ovaries. They include hormonal problems such as polycystic o***y syndrome. High levels of a hormone needed to make breast milk, called prolactin, also may have an effect on ovulation. Either too much thyroid hormone, called hyperthyroidism, or too little, called hypothyroidism, can affect the menstrual cycle or cause infertility. Other underlying causes may include too much exercise, eating disorders or tumors.
Conditions of the uterus. These include growths called uterine polyps, issues with the shape of the uterus or problems with its lower end, called the cervix. Tumors in the wall of the uterus, called uterine fibroids, also may cause infertility — but they aren't cancer. Fibroids can block the fallopian tubes, where an egg and s***m unite. They also can stop a fertilized egg from attaching to the uterus, which needs to happen for an unborn baby to develop.
Fallopian tube damage or blockage. Often, these issues are caused by swelling of the fallopian tube, called salpingitis. The swelling can happen due to an infection of the female reproductive organs called pelvic inflammatory disease.
Endometriosis. With this condition, tissue that's similar to the inner lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus. It may affect the how well the ovaries, uterus and fallopian tubes work.
Primary ovarian insufficiency. This happens when the ovaries stop working as they should, and menstrual periods end before age 40. The cause is often unknown. But some factors linked with primary ovarian insufficiency include immune system diseases, genetic conditions such as Turner syndrome, and radiation or chemotherapy treatment.
Pelvic adhesions. These are bands of scar tissue that bind organs. They can form after a pelvic infection, appendicitis, endometriosis, or surgery of the abdomen or pelvis.
Cancer and its treatment. Certain cancers — especially ones that affect the reproductive organs — often reduce female fertility. Both radiation and chemotherapy may affect fertility as well.
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CAUSES OF MALE INFERTILITY

These can include:

Conditions that can affect how much s***m is made or s***m quality. These medical conditions can include undescended testicles, genetic defects, hormone problems and health problems such as diabetes. Infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, mumps or HIV also can impact s***m. Enlarged veins in the sc***um, called a varicocele, can affect s***m's quality.
Problems with s***m reaching the female reproductive tract. These issues can be due to sexual conditions such as premature ej*******on, certain genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis, physical problems such as a blockage in the testicle, or damage or an injury to the reproductive organs.
Certain factors in the environment. Exposure to pesticides, other chemicals or radiation can affect fertility. So can medicines that treat bacterial infections, high blood pressure and depression. And if the testicles often are exposed to heat, such as in saunas or hot tubs, that may affect their ability to make s***m.
Damage related to cancer and its treatment. Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation can affect s***m production.
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SYMPTOMS OF INFERTILITY

The main symptom of infertility is not getting pregnant. There may be no other clear symptoms. Some women with infertility may have irregular menstrual periods or no periods. And some men may have some symptoms of hormonal problems, such as changes in hair growth or sexual function.

Many couples eventually will conceive — with or without treatment.

When to see a doctor

You likely don't need to see a member of your healthcare team about infertility unless you've been trying to get pregnant for at least one year. But women should talk with a healthcare professional sooner if they:

Are age 35 or older and have tried to conceive for six months or longer.
Are over age 40.
Have no periods, or irregular or very painful periods.
Have known fertility problems.
Have endometriosis or a history of pelvic inflammatory disease.
Have had more than one miscarriage.
Have gotten cancer treatment such as chemotherapy or radiation.
Men should talk to a healthcare professional if they have:

A low number of s***m or other problems with s***m.
A history of testicular, prostate or sexual conditions.
Had treatment for cancer such as chemotherapy.
Had hernia surgery.
Testicles that are smaller than the typical adult size, or swollen veins in the bag of skin that holds the testicles, called the sc***um.
Had infertility with a partner in the past.
Relatives with infertility problems.
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